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Neuroendocrinology > Development of Orofacial Structures > Flashcards

Development of Orofacial Structures Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cranium divided into?

A

Neurocranium and viscerocranium

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2
Q

What is the neurocranium?

A

Mesenchyme-derived

Gives rise to bones that enclose brain

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3
Q

What is the viscerocranium?

A

Mesenchyme-derived

Gives rise to bones that comprise facial skeleton

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4
Q

What are the cartilaginous and membranous parts of the nerocranium?

A

Cartilaginous - occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, petrous/mastoid parts of temporal
Membranous - frontal, parietal

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5
Q

What are the cartilaginous and membranous parts of the viscerocranium?

A

Cartilaginous - NCC-derived bones from pharyngeal arches (ex malleus, incus, stapes, etc) and CT
Membranous parts - maxilla, squamous part temporal, zygomatic

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6
Q

What is craniosynostosis?

A

Premature fusion of cranial sutures

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7
Q

What is scaphocephaly?

A

Premature fusion of saggital suture. Long, narrow, wedge-shaped cranium

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8
Q

What is brachycephaly

A

Premature fusion of coronal suture. High, tower-like cranium

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9
Q

What is plagiocephaly?

A

Premature fusion of one side of coronal suture. Twisted and asymmetric head.

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10
Q

What is trigonocephaly?

A

Premature fusion of frontal suture

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11
Q

What are the 5 facial primordia?

A

2 maxillary prominences
2 mandibular prominences
1 frontonasal prominence

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12
Q

When do the facial primordia appear?

A

Week 4

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13
Q

What do the mandibular prominences give rise to?

A

Lower jaw and lower lip, they fuse together medially

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14
Q

What do the maxillary prominences give rise to?

A

Upper lip, maxilla, secondary palate. Grow medially and fuse together. Merge with mandibular prominences laterally. Invaded by mesenchyme from pharyngeal arch 2 to form facial muscles

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15
Q

What does the frontonasal prominence give rise to?

A

Forehead, back part of mouth, nose

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16
Q

How does the nose develop from the frontonasal prominence?

A

Nasal placodes (surface ectoderm) swell up. Nasal pit appears, divides lateral nasal prominence from mediallnasal prominence.

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17
Q

What happens to the median nasal prominences?

A

They shift toward midline, results in philtrum

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18
Q

What happens to the lateral nasal prominences?

A

Form ala of nose, merge with maxillary prominence by end of week 6

19
Q

What does development of the mandible do to the ears?

A

Pushes them from neck to side of head at eye level

20
Q

What induces the nasal pits to become deeper and grow into the face to make nostrils?

A

Mesenchyme from the medial and lateral prominences

21
Q

What are the nasal pits called when they become deeper?

A

Nasal sacs

22
Q

What separates the primordial nasal sacs and when does it degenerate?

A

Oronasal membrane, ruptures at end of week 6

23
Q

When does palatogenesis occur?

A

Between weeks 6-12

24
Q

What happens during primary palate stage?

A

Fusion of median nasal prominences to form median palatine process

25
Q

What happens during secondary palate stage?

A

Develops from lateral palatine processes/palatal shelves.

26
Q

What happens during final palate stage?

A

Bone extends from maxillae and palatine bones to form the hard palate

27
Q

How does the nasal septum arise?

A

Downward growth of internal parts of merged medial nasal prominences that fuse with lateral palatine processes

28
Q

What is choanal atresia?

A

Bony abnormalities of the pterygoid plates, presents as upper airway obstruction, noisy breathing, cyanosis

29
Q

How does the anterior 2/3 of the tongue develop?

A

2 lateral tongue swellings grow and overtake the median lingual swelling at the end of the 4th week. Mesenchyme from PA 1

30
Q

How does the posterior 1/3 of the tongue develop?

A

The hypopharyngeal eminence (PA 3/4) overgrows the copula (PA 2)

31
Q

What nerve supplies the tongue musculature?

A

CN XII

32
Q

What is glossoschissis?

A

Bifid tongue

33
Q

What is ankyloglossia?

A

Short frenulum

34
Q

What is macroglossia?

A

Enlarged tongue

35
Q

What is the dental lamina?

A

Bands of epithelium that follow curves of primitive jaws

36
Q

What are tooth buds?

A

Form out of dental lamina, consist of enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental follicle/sac

37
Q

What is enamel organ?

A

Produces enamel

38
Q

What is dental papilla?

A

Internal part of tooth (dentin and pulp)

39
Q

What is dental follicle/sac?

A

Gives rise to cementum that holds tooth in place

40
Q

What do odontoblasts do?

A

Produce dentin

41
Q

What do amelobalsts do?

A

Produce enamel

42
Q

What are baby teeth called?

A

Deciduous teeth

43
Q

When do the buds for the 2nd/3rd permanent molars develop?

A

After birth

Neuroendocrinology (16 decks)

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