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MSK Exam #2 > Histology Etc. > Flashcards

Histology Etc. Flashcards

1
Q

Function of collagen, elastin, reticular fibers:

A

Collagen: resist tension.
Elastin: allow for stretching.
Reticular fibers: form supportive meshwork.

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2
Q

Scurvy

A

Vit C deficiency leading to UN-linked collagen.

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3
Q

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

A

Abnormal collagen synthesis leading to weak collagen.

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4
Q

Marfan’s syndrome

A

Mutation in fibrillin-I, a component on elastin fibers. Targets CVS, skeletal oculars, etc.

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5
Q

Main players in the ECM of CT (4)

A

Proteoglycans
Hyaluranon
Glycoproteins
EC proenzymes

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6
Q

Embryonic CT

A

Rich in ECM and MSCs. Little collagen or reticular fibers.

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7
Q

Function of LACT

A

Support and bind tissues, hold body fluids, defends against infection.
Found beneath epithelia, BVs, muscles, nerves.

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8
Q

Function of Reticular CT

A

To hold free cells.

Found in liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes, etc.

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9
Q

Dense irregular CT overview

A

Fibroblasts main cell type.
Resists tearing.
Found in dermis, organ capsules, perichondrium/periosteum, fascia.

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10
Q

Dense regular CT overview

A

Fibroblasts main cell type.
Resists pulling.
Poorly vascularized.
Found in tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses, joint capsules.

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11
Q

Where is elastic CT found?

A

BV walls, bronchioles, special ligaments.

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12
Q

Fibroblasts produce:

A

Collagen, elastin, RFs, proteoglycans, glycoproteins.

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13
Q

Hyaline cartilage overview

A

Has a perichondrium.
Type II collagen.
Articular cartilage, larynx, trachea, embryonic development.

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14
Q

Elastic cartilage overview

A

Has a perichondrium.
Type II collagen.
External ear, epiglottis, auditory tube.
Hyaline + elastin.

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15
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

No perichondrium.
Type I collagen.
IV disks, pubic symphysis, TMj.
Hyaline + dense regular CT.

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16
Q

Articular cartilage is __________ and lacks a __________:

A

Hyaline, perichondrium.

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17
Q

Territorial and interterritorial matrix

A

TM has less collagen and more GAGs than ITM.

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18
Q

Perichondrium overview

A

Has blood supply.
Source of new cartilage.
Has 2 layers: fibrous, chondrogenic.

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19
Q

Fibrous layer of perichondrium

A

Outer layer that produces type I collagen and elastin.

20
Q

Chondrogenic layer of perichondrium

A

Inner layer that differentiates into chondroblasts.

Secretes type II cartilage.

21
Q

Appositional growth overview

A

Cartilage formed on existing cartilage.

Undifferentiated cells –> chondroblasts –> secrete type II collagen and ground substance.

22
Q

Interstitial growth overview

A

Takes place within cartilage mass.
Chondrocytes divide in lacunae, forming new isogenous groups.
Increases in mass but is limited due to avascular nature.

23
Q

Zones of articular cartilage (4) superficial to deep:

A

Superficial zone
Intermediate zone
Deep zone
Calcified zone

24
Q

Layers of epidermis

A 
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidem
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
25
Q

Epidermis is comprised of (4):

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Merkel cells
Langerhans cells

26
Q

Strattum basale

A

Single layer of keratinocytes

Contains melanin.

27
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Several layers thick.
Has spiny processes.
Can produce corns/callouses.

28
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

Thickest layer of non keratinized portion.
Contains granules that assemble keratin into bundles.
Irregularly shaped and variable in size.

29
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Anucleated cells.
Filled with keratin.
Forms water barrier.

30
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Most prominent cell.

Participate in epidermial water barrier.

31
Q

Basal cells

A

Synthesize keratin and group the into tonofibrils.

32
Q

Spinous cells

A

Keratin synthess continues and granules begin to bundle keratin and produce lamellar bodies.

33
Q

Granular cells

A

Discharge lamellar bodies.
Continue to promote bundling of keratin via flaggrin.
Cells now cornified.

34
Q

Melanin production

A

Premelanosomes begin producing melanin, then become melanosomes. Melanin transferred to keratinocytes via pigment donation.

35
Q

Langerhans cells

A

APCs that are monocyte precursors.

Identifyable in the stratum spinosum.

36
Q

Merkel cells

A

Function in cutaneous sensation.

Found in stratum basale and associated w/ nerve endings.

37
Q

Layers of dermis (2)

A

Papillary layer

Reticular layer

38
Q

Papillary layer has:

A

Collagen and elastic fibers.

Vaculature and nerve endings.

39
Q

Reticular layer is:

A

Irregular. Has type I collagen and elastic fibers. Forms Langerhans lines.

40
Q

Meissner’s corpusle

A

Low frequency touch receptors.

Found in dermal papillae.

41
Q

Pacinian corpuscle

A

Detects pressure/vibration.

Found deep in dermis.

42
Q

Free nerve endings terminate in the:

A

Stratum granulosum.

Lack CT.

43
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Produce sebum. Found alongside hair follicles.

44
Q

Eccrine sweat glands

A

Coiled and widespread.

Cholinergic activation.

45
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A

Axilla, genitals, nipple, anus.
Adrenergic activation.
Uses merocrine secretion.

46
Q

Merocrine vs apocrine

A

Merocrine is in vescles.

Apocrine is a portion of cytoplsm being pinched off.

MSK Exam #2 (15 decks)

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