Connective Tissue

Question 1

Fibrous component of ECM of CT

Answer 1

Collagens - resist tension.
Elastin - stretchable fibers.
Reticular fibers - forms supportive meshwork.

Question 2

Type - 1 collagen fibers

Answer 2

Crosslinked to increase strength.

Scurvy and E-D syndrome both caused by type-1 collagen problems.

Question 3

Amorphous ground substance of ECM of CT (3)

Answer 3

Proteoglycans
Hyaluronan
Glycoproteins
EC proenzymes

Question 4

Types of proteoglycans in ECM (3)

Answer 4

Chrondoitin sulfates
Heparan sulfates
Keratan sulfates

Question 5

Embryonic CT

Answer 5

Rick in ECM and mesenchymal stem cells.

Less collagen and reticular fibers.

Question 6

Wharton’s jelly

Answer 6

Embryonic CT in the umbilical cord.

Question 7

Loose CT classes (3)

Answer 7

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

Question 8

Loose areolar CT

Answer 8

Low density with fixed and wandering cells.

Widespread.

Question 9

Loose adipose CT

Answer 9

Fat containing CT.

Question 10

Loose reticular CT

Answer 10

Rich in retocular fibers. Creases meshwork to hold free cells.

Question 11

Dense CT classes (3)

Answer 11

Dense irregular CT
Dense regular CT
Elastic CT

Question 12

Dense irregular CT

Answer 12

Random assortment of fibers.

ex: dermis of skin.

Question 13

Dense regular CT

Answer 13

Regular assortment of CT.

ex: tendons.

Question 14

Elastic CT

Answer 14

Rich in elastic fibers.

Question 15

Fixed cell types (3)

Answer 15

Fibroblasts
Adipocytes
Mesenchymal cells

Question 16

Wandering cells

Answer 16

Immune cells.
Macrophages
Mast cells
Leuko/Lymphocytes
Plasma cells

Question 17

Where is Loose CT found and what is its function?

Answer 17

Immediately beneath membranous epithelia and around BVs, muscles and nerves.
Binds tissues together, hols fluids, immune protection.

Question 18

Where is Adipose CT found and what is its function?

Answer 18

Under skin, around organs, within breasts, abdomen and buttocks.
Provides energy storage, insulates against heat loss, supports and protects organs.

Question 19

White vs. Brown fat

Answer 19

White fat functions in energy storage, insulation, cushioning and hormone secretion. Brown fat is more thermogenic in nature and highly abundant in newborns. Reduced in adults.

Question 20

Where is Reticular CT found and what is its function?

Answer 20

Liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen.

Houses immune cells outside blood and lymphatic tissues.

Question 21

Where is Dense irregular CT found and what is its function?

Answer 21

Dermis, fascia, periosteum, perichondrium, capsules around organs.
Fibroblasts main cell type. Resists tearing and stretching.

Question 22

Where is Dense regular CT found and what is its function?

Answer 22

Tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses, joint capsules.
Fibroblasts main cell type.
Resists pulling. Poorly vascularized.

Question 23

Where is Elastic CT found and what is its function?

Answer 23

BVs, bronchioles, some special ligaments.

Allows for recoil of tissues.

Question 24

Fibroblasts

Answer 24

Functions to produce ECM components.

Question 25

Macrophages
Mast cells
Plasma cells

Answer 25

M - differentiate from blood monocyte and fight infection.
Mast cells - release histamine and heparin in allergic responses.
Plasma cells - differentiated B cells that produce Abs.