Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK Exam #2 > Blue Boxes > Flashcards

Blue Boxes Flashcards

1
Q

Coxa Vara and Coxa Valga

A

Coxa vara decreased angle of inclination (perpendicular) and Coxa valga is an increased angle of inclination (obtuse angle).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dislocated epiphysis of femoral head

A

In older children, the epiphysis of femoral head may slip away from epiphyseal plate from acute trauma or chronic microtrauma. Can eventually result in coxa vara.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q 
Femoral fractures
Proximal fx
Intracapsular fx
Greater trochanter or femoral shaft fx
Distal femur fx
A
  1. Usually from indirect trauma.
  2. Very complicated and can lead to vascular trauma.
  3. Usually from direct blows.
  4. Can be complicated by fx of condyles or rupture of popliteal a.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fibular fractures

A

Occur most often 2-6 cm proximal to lateral malleolus and associated with fx-dislocations of ankle joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fx of talar neck

A

May occur due to severe dorsiflexion of the ankle. Body of talus can be posteriorly dislocated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dancer’s fx

A

Occurs when a dancer loses balance and puts all body weight on one metatarsal, causing a fx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fatigue fx of metatarsals

A

Usually from prolonged walking.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Avulsion of tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

A

Can be avulsed due to rapid inversion by the tendon of the fibularis brevis m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Os trigonum

A

Lateral tubercle of the talus (from secondary ossification center fails to unite with the talar body. Occurs in 14-25% of adults.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fx of sesamoid bones

A

Sesamoid bones of great toe where FHL m. bear the weight. Caused from crushing injury.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

Hemorrhage, edema, and inflammation can put pressure on the septa and increase the pressure. This can put extreme pressure on nerves, vessels, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Saphenous v. is used in bypasses because:

A

Very accessable, good distance between tributaries and perforating branches, contains a higher percentage of muscular and elastic fibers than other superficial veins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Saphenous cutdown

A

Making an incision anterior to medial malleous can locate the saphenous v. This can be used to administer blood, plasma, electrolytes, drugs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Regional nerve blocks of femoral n.

A

Blocked 2 cm inferiorly to the inguinal l. Interrupts the conduction of impulses in peripheral ns via perineural injections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hip pointer

A

Contusion of the iliac crest usually at ASIS.
Cause bleeding from ruptures capillaries and infiltration of blood into tissues.
Most hip pointers are actually avulsions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Psoas abscess

A

Caused by a retroperitoneal infection in pelvis, usually associated with TB, or secondary to Crohn’s Dz. Should be considered when edema persists in the proximal thigh.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Chondromalacia patellae (Runner’s knee)

A

Results from overuse of knee. Common in runners. Patellar soreness/pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Calcaneal fx

A

From falls. Produces a comminuted fx. Disrupts the subtalar joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

Varicosis of great saphenous v. and its tributaries. Common in posteriomedial parts of LL. Valves in veins no longer function and blood flows inferiorly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Patellar fx

A

Usually transverse. Proximal fragment gets pulled superiorly with quad tendon, and distal fragment remains within patellar L.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Gracilis m. transplantation

A

Gracilis m. is a weak adductor. It can be removed easily and transplanted in the hand.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Groin pull

A

Pull of anteriomedial muscles (adductors, thigh flexors).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

“Superficial femoral a.”

A

Some clinicians use this to term the femoral a. after branch to deep femoral a.

24
Q

Saphenous varix

A

Localized dilation of saphenous v. Can cause edema in femoral triangle. Associated with varicose vs.

25
Q

Femoral hernia

A

Abdominal visecra protrudes trough femoral ring into femoral canal.

26
Q

Trochanteric bursitis

A

Inflammation of trachanteric bursa due to repetitive actions like clinbing, walking uphill, etc. Can cause diffuse pain in LE.

27
Q

Ischial bursitis

A

Microtrauma overwhelms ischial bursa, causing inflammation. Ex: cycling.

28
Q

Injury to superior gluteal n.

A

Causes weakness in gluteus medius m. Causes Trendelenburg gait

29
Q

Anesthetic block of sciatic n.

A

Done at midpoint of joining PSIS and greater trochanter.

30
Q

Injections in buttocks should be done:

A

Superolaterally.

31
Q

Popliteal abscess/tumor

A

Pain is severe. Tends to spread superiorly and inferiorly.

32
Q

Popliteal aneurysm

A

Causes edema and pain in politeal fossa. Can strectch and impair the tibial n and referred pain to LL.

33
Q

Popliteal hemorrhage

A

Usually due to fx of the distal femur or femoral dislocation.

34
Q

Shin splints

A

Tibialis anterior strain. Edema and pain in the distal 2/3 of tibia. Caused by small tears in periosteum of tibia

35
Q

Fibular ms. and evolution ms. and the human foot

A

Most primates walk on outside of foot and have inverted feet. Human feet are more everted and pronated. This is due to fibularis longus m. and fibularis tertius m.

36
Q

Foot drop

A

Injury to common fibular n.

37
Q

Deep fibular n. entrapment

A

Causes pain and swelling in anterior compartment. “Ski boot syndrome”.

38
Q

Superficial fibular n. entrapment

A

Can be from chronic ankle sprains and create pain on lateral side of leg and dorsum of ankle and foot.

39
Q

Fabella in gastrocnemius m.

A

Lateral head of gastrocnemius m. may contain a sesamoid bone called a fabella which articulates with the lateral femoral condyle.

40
Q

Calcaneal reflex tests:

A

S1 and S2

41
Q

Absence of plantarflexion

A

Due to problem with calcaneal t. Gluteus maximius m. can aid in producing some degree of plantarflexion.

42
Q

Gastrocnemius strain

A

Painful acute injury in partial tearing of medial belly of gastrocnemius m.

43
Q

Accessory soleus m.

A

Occurs in 3% of people. Accessory muscle appears as a distal belly medial to calcaneal t. Can becomes swollen and painful in prolonged exercise.

44
Q

Contusion of EDB m.

A

Can cause hematoma. EDB and EHB muscles are functionally unimportant.

45
Q

Sural n. grafts

A

Sural n. often used due to its ease of location next to small saphenous n.

46
Q

Plantar reflex tests:

A

L4-S2

47
Q

Q angle

A

Angle between femur and tibia at knee joint. Line drawn from ASIS to patella to assess. Genu valgum and genu varum.

48
Q

Patellar dislocation

A

More common in FM likely due to greater q-angle. Usually tends to dislocate laterall, but vastus medialis m. counteracts that.

49
Q

Function of ACL

A

Prevents the femur from sliding posteriorly on the tibia and hyperextension of the knee and limits medial rotation of the femur.
Anterior drawer test is used.

50
Q

Function of PCL

A

Prevents the femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia.

51
Q

Popliteal cyst

A

Usually from chronic effusion in knee joint.

52
Q

Sprained ankles are usually from:

A

Inversion, causing tearing in the lateral ligaments.

53
Q

Pott fx-dislocation

A

Occurs when foot is forcefully everted. Fx of the fibula and tears the tibiofibular L.

54
Q

Hallux valgus

A

Caused by increased pressure in footwear. Lateral deviation of great toe is common and can overlap the 2nd toe. Can be associated with corns.

55
Q

Hammer toe

A

Proximal phalanx is permanently dorsiflexed at the the metatarsal joint and is permanently plantarflexed at the PIP joint.

56
Q

Claw toes

A

Hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joints and flexion at the DIP.

57
Q

Pes planus

A

Flat feet.

Flexible flat feet are from degenerated intrinsic ligaments, whereas rigid flat feet are from a bone deformity.

MSK Exam #2 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions