Histology: Epithelium (Exam 1) Flashcards by Elizabeth Dower

What are the 4 basic tissue types

epithelial
muscle
connective tissue
nervous

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Is hematoxylin a basic or acidic dye

basic, cation

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What will hematoxylin stain

anions in a tissue, basophilic items

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What items are basophilic

heterochromatin and nucleoli

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Is eosin a basic or acidic dye

acidic, anion

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What will eosin stain

cations in a tissue

acidophilic items

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What are acidophilic items in a tissue

Extracellular fibers, cytoplasmic filaments, intracellular membraneous components

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What is epithelium composed of

cells and basement membrane

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What is the blood supply to epithelium

none

gets through diffusion

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Where is epithelium absent

articular cartilage
anterior surface of iris
enamel of teeth

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Functions of epithelium

protection
absorption
transport of nutrients/waste
make stuff (secretions from gland)
filter
gas exchange
movements of organs
sensory receptors for special senses

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What are the 3 main features of epithelial cells

Closely linked and apposed
Polarized
Anchored to a basement membrane

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How are epithelial cells polarized

free apical domain
basal domain
lateral domain

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How is epithelium classified

layers
morphology
specializations

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Where is pseudostratified epithelium found

respiratory tract

male reproduction tract

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Pseudostratified epithelium usually contain what

secretory cells and mucous

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Where is transitional epithelium found

bladder
ureters
urethra
calyx

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What is a transition zone between the stomach and esophagus known as

mesothelium

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What are cell modifications that can be seen on the apical domain

microvilli
stereovilli
cilia

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What are mivrovilli

fingerlike projections for absorption

actin core anchored to terminal web

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What do microvilli form on histology slides

brush border

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What are sterocillia/sterovilli

long immotile microvilli

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Where are sterocillia/sterovilli found

epididymis
ductus deferens
cochlear
vestibular hair cells

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What are the different types of cilia

Motile cilia and flagella
Primary cilia
Nodal cilia

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Where are motile cilia and flagella found

trachea, bronchi, oviducts

What is the structure of motile cilia and flagella

9+2 microtubule pattern

What is the structure of primary cilia

9+0 microtubule pattern

What is the structure of nodal cilia

9+0 microtubule pattern

What type of movement does nodal cilia have

rotational

What type of diseases is nodal cilia involved in

Situs inversus | Kartagener Syndrome

What is the function of primary cilia in the kidney

function as mechanoreceptors (fluid flow)

What disease is primary cilia involved in in the kidney

polycycstic kidney disease

What causes polycystic kidney disease

malfunctioning Ca2+ channels, leads to cysts, also affects retina and hair cells

What junctions will be seen in the terminal bar of the lateral domain of cells

zonula occludens/tight junctions/occluding junctions anchoring junctions communicating junctions

What are tight junctions of the lateral domain linked to

actin

What is the function of tight junctions

separates cellular and tissue compartments

What are the three main transmembrane proteins seen in tight junctions of the lateral domain

occludens claudins junctional adhesion molecules (JAM)

What domain is important in cell-cell adhesion

lateral domain

What are anchoring junctions of the lateral domain linked to

zonula adherens: actin macula adherens (desmosome): intermediate filaments

What does the basal domain adhere

cell to matrix

What are the cell-ECM junctions seen in the basal domain

focal adhesions | hemidesmosomes

WHat filaments are involved in focal adhesions

actin

What filaments are involved in hemidesmosomes

intermediate filaments

What is the basal domain composed of

basement membrane cell-ECM junctions Basal cell membrane infoldings

What is the function of basal infoldings

creates surface area to increase channels and transport

What are the cell signaling methods displayed by epithelium

paracrine | autocrine

What are the different types of exocrine signaling

merocrine aprocrine holocrine

What is merocrine

vesicles dump secretions

What is aprocrine

vesicles pinch off

What is holocrine

cell dies

What are the different types of endocrine signalling

cord and clump | follicle

What does endocrine signalling use

vascular system to travel through blod

Where are simple tubular glands found

intestinal glands of colon and large intestine

Where are simple coiled tubular glands found

skin exocrine sweat gland

Where are simple branched tubular glands found

stomach: mucus secreting glands of pylorus uterus: endometrial glands

Where are simple acinar glands found

urethra

Where are branched acinar glands found

stomach: glands of cardia skin

Where are compound tubular glands found

duodenum: submucosal glands of Brunner

Where are compound acinar glands found

pancreas: exocrine portion

Where are compound tubuloacinar glands found

submandibular salivary gland

Mucus secreting cells appear what on histo

light pink

Serous secreting cells appear what on histo

purple

What is an artifact of mixed secreting glands

serous demilune

What is an example of a mixed-secreting exocrine gland

submandibular gland

History of prostate cancer, what is shown

adenocarcinoma