Histology: Epithelium (Exam 1) Flashcards
What are the 4 basic tissue types
epithelial
muscle
connective tissue
nervous
Is hematoxylin a basic or acidic dye
basic, cation
What will hematoxylin stain
anions in a tissue, basophilic items
What items are basophilic
heterochromatin and nucleoli
Is eosin a basic or acidic dye
acidic, anion
What will eosin stain
cations in a tissue
acidophilic items
What are acidophilic items in a tissue
Extracellular fibers, cytoplasmic filaments, intracellular membraneous components
What is epithelium composed of
cells and basement membrane
What is the blood supply to epithelium
none
gets through diffusion
Where is epithelium absent
articular cartilage
anterior surface of iris
enamel of teeth
Functions of epithelium
protection absorption transport of nutrients/waste make stuff (secretions from gland) filter gas exchange movements of organs sensory receptors for special senses
What are the 3 main features of epithelial cells
Closely linked and apposed
Polarized
Anchored to a basement membrane
How are epithelial cells polarized
free apical domain
basal domain
lateral domain
How is epithelium classified
layers
morphology
specializations
Where is pseudostratified epithelium found
respiratory tract
male reproduction tract
Pseudostratified epithelium usually contain what
secretory cells and mucous
Where is transitional epithelium found
bladder
ureters
urethra
calyx
What is a transition zone between the stomach and esophagus known as
mesothelium
What are cell modifications that can be seen on the apical domain
microvilli
stereovilli
cilia
What are mivrovilli
fingerlike projections for absorption
actin core anchored to terminal web
What do microvilli form on histology slides
brush border
What are sterocillia/sterovilli
long immotile microvilli
Where are sterocillia/sterovilli found
epididymis
ductus deferens
cochlear
vestibular hair cells
What are the different types of cilia
Motile cilia and flagella
Primary cilia
Nodal cilia
Where are motile cilia and flagella found
trachea, bronchi, oviducts
What is the structure of motile cilia and flagella
9+2 microtubule pattern
What is the structure of primary cilia
9+0 microtubule pattern
What is the structure of nodal cilia
9+0 microtubule pattern
What type of movement does nodal cilia have
rotational
What type of diseases is nodal cilia involved in
Situs inversus
Kartagener Syndrome
What is the function of primary cilia in the kidney
function as mechanoreceptors (fluid flow)
What disease is primary cilia involved in in the kidney
polycycstic kidney disease
What causes polycystic kidney disease
malfunctioning Ca2+ channels, leads to cysts, also affects retina and hair cells
What junctions will be seen in the terminal bar of the lateral domain of cells
zonula occludens/tight junctions/occluding junctions
anchoring junctions
communicating junctions
What are tight junctions of the lateral domain linked to
actin
What is the function of tight junctions
separates cellular and tissue compartments
What are the three main transmembrane proteins seen in tight junctions of the lateral domain
occludens
claudins
junctional adhesion molecules (JAM)
What domain is important in cell-cell adhesion
lateral domain
What are anchoring junctions of the lateral domain linked to
zonula adherens: actin
macula adherens (desmosome): intermediate filaments
What does the basal domain adhere
cell to matrix
What are the cell-ECM junctions seen in the basal domain
focal adhesions
hemidesmosomes
WHat filaments are involved in focal adhesions
actin
What filaments are involved in hemidesmosomes
intermediate filaments
What is the basal domain composed of
basement membrane cell-ECM junctions
Basal cell membrane infoldings
What is the function of basal infoldings
creates surface area to increase channels and transport
What are the cell signaling methods displayed by epithelium
paracrine
autocrine
What are the different types of exocrine signaling
merocrine
aprocrine
holocrine
What is merocrine
vesicles dump secretions
What is aprocrine
vesicles pinch off
What is holocrine
cell dies
What are the different types of endocrine signalling
cord and clump
follicle
What does endocrine signalling use
vascular system to travel through blod
Where are simple tubular glands found
intestinal glands of colon and large intestine
Where are simple coiled tubular glands found
skin exocrine sweat gland
Where are simple branched tubular glands found
stomach: mucus secreting glands of pylorus
uterus: endometrial glands
Where are simple acinar glands found
urethra
Where are branched acinar glands found
stomach: glands of cardia
skin
Where are compound tubular glands found
duodenum: submucosal glands of Brunner
Where are compound acinar glands found
pancreas: exocrine portion
Where are compound tubuloacinar glands found
submandibular salivary gland
Mucus secreting cells appear what on histo
light pink
Serous secreting cells appear what on histo
purple
What is an artifact of mixed secreting glands
serous demilune
What is an example of a mixed-secreting exocrine gland
submandibular gland
History of prostate cancer, what is shown
adenocarcinoma
