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LECOM MS1 Histology > Histology: Epithelium (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Histology: Epithelium (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 basic tissue types

A

epithelial
muscle
connective tissue
nervous

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2
Q

Is hematoxylin a basic or acidic dye

A

basic, cation

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3
Q

What will hematoxylin stain

A

anions in a tissue, basophilic items

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4
Q

What items are basophilic

A

heterochromatin and nucleoli

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5
Q

Is eosin a basic or acidic dye

A

acidic, anion

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6
Q

What will eosin stain

A

cations in a tissue

acidophilic items

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7
Q

What are acidophilic items in a tissue

A

Extracellular fibers, cytoplasmic filaments, intracellular membraneous components

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8
Q

What is epithelium composed of

A

cells and basement membrane

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9
Q

What is the blood supply to epithelium

A

none

gets through diffusion

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10
Q

Where is epithelium absent

A

articular cartilage
anterior surface of iris
enamel of teeth

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11
Q

Functions of epithelium

A 
protection
absorption
transport of nutrients/waste
make stuff (secretions from gland)
filter
gas exchange
movements of organs
sensory receptors for special senses
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12
Q

What are the 3 main features of epithelial cells

A

Closely linked and apposed
Polarized
Anchored to a basement membrane

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13
Q

How are epithelial cells polarized

A

free apical domain
basal domain
lateral domain

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14
Q

How is epithelium classified

A

layers
morphology
specializations

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15
Q

Where is pseudostratified epithelium found

A

respiratory tract

male reproduction tract

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16
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium usually contain what

A

secretory cells and mucous

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17
Q

Where is transitional epithelium found

A

bladder
ureters
urethra
calyx

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18
Q

What is a transition zone between the stomach and esophagus known as

A

mesothelium

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19
Q

What are cell modifications that can be seen on the apical domain

A

microvilli
stereovilli
cilia

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20
Q

What are mivrovilli

A

fingerlike projections for absorption

actin core anchored to terminal web

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21
Q

What do microvilli form on histology slides

A

brush border

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22
Q

What are sterocillia/sterovilli

A

long immotile microvilli

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23
Q

Where are sterocillia/sterovilli found

A

epididymis
ductus deferens
cochlear
vestibular hair cells

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24
Q

What are the different types of cilia

A

Motile cilia and flagella
Primary cilia
Nodal cilia

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25
Q

Where are motile cilia and flagella found

A

trachea, bronchi, oviducts

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26
Q

What is the structure of motile cilia and flagella

A

9+2 microtubule pattern

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27
Q

What is the structure of primary cilia

A

9+0 microtubule pattern

28
Q

What is the structure of nodal cilia

A

9+0 microtubule pattern

29
Q

What type of movement does nodal cilia have

A

rotational

30
Q

What type of diseases is nodal cilia involved in

A

Situs inversus

Kartagener Syndrome

31
Q

What is the function of primary cilia in the kidney

A

function as mechanoreceptors (fluid flow)

32
Q

What disease is primary cilia involved in in the kidney

A

polycycstic kidney disease

33
Q

What causes polycystic kidney disease

A

malfunctioning Ca2+ channels, leads to cysts, also affects retina and hair cells

34
Q

What junctions will be seen in the terminal bar of the lateral domain of cells

A

zonula occludens/tight junctions/occluding junctions

anchoring junctions

communicating junctions

35
Q

What are tight junctions of the lateral domain linked to

A

actin

36
Q

What is the function of tight junctions

A

separates cellular and tissue compartments

37
Q

What are the three main transmembrane proteins seen in tight junctions of the lateral domain

A

occludens
claudins
junctional adhesion molecules (JAM)

38
Q

What domain is important in cell-cell adhesion

A

lateral domain

39
Q

What are anchoring junctions of the lateral domain linked to

A

zonula adherens: actin

macula adherens (desmosome): intermediate filaments

40
Q

What does the basal domain adhere

A

cell to matrix

41
Q

What are the cell-ECM junctions seen in the basal domain

A

focal adhesions

hemidesmosomes

42
Q

WHat filaments are involved in focal adhesions

A

actin

43
Q

What filaments are involved in hemidesmosomes

A

intermediate filaments

44
Q

What is the basal domain composed of

A

basement membrane cell-ECM junctions

Basal cell membrane infoldings

45
Q

What is the function of basal infoldings

A

creates surface area to increase channels and transport

46
Q

What are the cell signaling methods displayed by epithelium

A

paracrine

autocrine

47
Q

What are the different types of exocrine signaling

A

merocrine
aprocrine
holocrine

48
Q

What is merocrine

A

vesicles dump secretions

49
Q

What is aprocrine

A

vesicles pinch off

50
Q

What is holocrine

A

cell dies

51
Q

What are the different types of endocrine signalling

A

cord and clump

follicle

52
Q

What does endocrine signalling use

A

vascular system to travel through blod

53
Q

Where are simple tubular glands found

A

intestinal glands of colon and large intestine

54
Q

Where are simple coiled tubular glands found

A

skin exocrine sweat gland

55
Q

Where are simple branched tubular glands found

A

stomach: mucus secreting glands of pylorus
uterus: endometrial glands

56
Q

Where are simple acinar glands found

A

urethra

57
Q

Where are branched acinar glands found

A

stomach: glands of cardia

skin

58
Q

Where are compound tubular glands found

A

duodenum: submucosal glands of Brunner

59
Q

Where are compound acinar glands found

A

pancreas: exocrine portion

60
Q

Where are compound tubuloacinar glands found

A

submandibular salivary gland

61
Q

Mucus secreting cells appear what on histo

A

light pink

62
Q

Serous secreting cells appear what on histo

A

purple

63
Q

What is an artifact of mixed secreting glands

A

serous demilune

64
Q

What is an example of a mixed-secreting exocrine gland

A

submandibular gland

65
Q

History of prostate cancer, what is shown

A

adenocarcinoma

LECOM MS1 Histology (8 decks)

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