Histology: Cartilage (Exam 2)

Question 1

What is the blood supply to cartilage?

Answer 1

avascular

Question 2

Where is cartilage found

Answer 2

areas of support (weight bearing) and movement

Question 3

What cells within cartilage produce matrix

Answer 3

chondrocytes

Question 4

What do chondrocytes look like under microscope

Answer 4

large rounded cells with light cytoplasm and small nucleus

Question 5

What is the composition of cartilage matrix

Answer 5

firm

high in GAGs and hyaluronic acid

Question 6

What are the 3 subtypes of cartilage

Answer 6

elastic
hyaline
fibrous

Question 7

What type of fibers make up elastic cartilage

Answer 7

elastic fibers

Question 8

What type of fibers make up hyaline cartilage

Answer 8

type II collagen fibers

Question 9

What type of fibers make up fibrous cartilage

Answer 9

type I collagen fibers

Question 10

What type of cartilage is articular cartilage

Answer 10

hyaline

Question 11

What type of cartilages is seen in a synchondrosis

Answer 11

hyaline

Question 12

What is the function of hyaline cartilage

Answer 12

reduces friction at surface of joints

Question 13

What type of cartilage is used in endochondral ossification

Answer 13

hyaline cartilage

Question 14

What occurs to the hyaline cartilage during endochondral ossification

Answer 14

it is layer replaced by bone

Question 15

What is the remaining layer of cartilage in endochondral ossification

Answer 15

epiphyseal growth plate

Question 16

What is the function of the epiphyseal growth plate

Answer 16

remains functional and grows bone

Question 17

What is the appearance of hyaline cartilage

Answer 17

glassy, firm ECM with mostly type 2 collagen fibers

Question 18

Is the collagen in hyaline cartilage detectable

Answer 18

no, because it is present in the form of fibrils

Question 19

What supplies nutrients to hyaline cartilage

Answer 19

perichondrium

Question 20

What is the perichondrium composed of

Answer 20

dense CT

Question 21

Where is the perichondrium found

Answer 21

on the surface of cartilage

Question 22

What is contained within the cavities of the cartilage matrix

Answer 22

lacunae for chondrocytes

Question 23

Where did chondroblasts originate from

Answer 23

mesenchymal cells

Question 24

Where are chondroblasts found

Answer 24

in growing cartilage

Question 25

What cells are responsible for the maintence of cartilage ECM

Answer 25

chondroblasts

Question 26

What do chondroblasts secrete

Answer 26

ECM

Question 27

What is stored within chondrocytes

Answer 27

lipid and glycogen

Question 28

What are isogenous groups

Answer 28

recently divided chondrocytes that sit in clusters within the lacunae

Question 29

What is the territorial matrix

Answer 29

basophilic "capsule" around the isogenous groups

Question 30

What makes the territorial matrix basophilic

Answer 30

high concentration of GAGs

Question 31

What is interterritorial matrix

Answer 31

matrix between groups of chondrocytes, lighter colored

Question 32

What makes the interterritorial matrix lighter in color

Answer 32

low concentration of GAGs

Question 33

What is the function of the perichondrium

Answer 33

collagenous membrane

Question 34

What does the perichondrium carry

Answer 34

vessels and nerves that are essential for the avascular cartilage

Question 35

Destruction of the perichondrium results in what

Answer 35

destruction of the underlying cartilage

Question 36

What are the two layers of perichondrium

Answer 36

outer fibrous layer and inner chondrogenic layer

Question 37

What is the outer fibrous layer of the perichondrium composed of

Answer 37

dense connective tissue

Question 38

What is the inner chondrogenic layer of the perichondrium composed of

Answer 38

mesenchymal cells

Question 39

What are the mesenchymal cells a source for

Answer 39

chondroblasts

Question 40

Where is the perichondrium absent

Answer 40

articulating surfaces where cartilage contacts bone

Question 41

Where is elastic cartilage found

Answer 41

external ear epiglottis cartilages of the larynx

Question 42

What stain is used to view elastic fibers

Answer 42

resorcin-fuchsin | orcein

Question 43

What cartilage does NOT calcify with age

Answer 43

elastic

Question 44

What cartilage is very susceptible to calcification with age

Answer 44

hyaline

Question 45

What is the morphology of fibrous cartilage

Answer 45

dense regular connective tissue and hyaline cartilage

Question 46

How do condrovytes appear in fibrous cartilage

Answer 46

chondrocytes are sitting in rows

Question 47

What are the rows of chondrocytes in fibrous cartilage called

Answer 47

isogenous groups

Question 48

Does fibrocartilage have a perichondrium

Answer 48

no

Question 49

What are the two types of cartilage growth

Answer 49

appositional growth interstitial growth

Question 50

What is appositional growth

Answer 50

chondroblasts are formed by the inner layer of perichondrium they produce matrix and then turn to chondrocytes

Question 51

What type of collagen composes the matrix that the chondroblasts secrete

Answer 51

type II

Question 52

What type of collagen is produced by the perichondrium

Answer 52

type 1

Question 53

What is interstitial growth

Answer 53

division of chondrocytes within the lacunae--isogenous groups

Question 54

How is cartilage repaired

Answer 54

avascular so it is dependent on perichondrium for repair