Histology: Cartilage (Exam 2) Flashcards
What is the blood supply to cartilage?
avascular
Where is cartilage found
areas of support (weight bearing) and movement
What cells within cartilage produce matrix
chondrocytes
What do chondrocytes look like under microscope
large rounded cells with light cytoplasm and small nucleus
What is the composition of cartilage matrix
firm
high in GAGs and hyaluronic acid
What are the 3 subtypes of cartilage
elastic
hyaline
fibrous
What type of fibers make up elastic cartilage
elastic fibers
What type of fibers make up hyaline cartilage
type II collagen fibers
What type of fibers make up fibrous cartilage
type I collagen fibers
What type of cartilage is articular cartilage
hyaline
What type of cartilages is seen in a synchondrosis
hyaline
What is the function of hyaline cartilage
reduces friction at surface of joints
What type of cartilage is used in endochondral ossification
hyaline cartilage
What occurs to the hyaline cartilage during endochondral ossification
it is layer replaced by bone
What is the remaining layer of cartilage in endochondral ossification
epiphyseal growth plate
What is the function of the epiphyseal growth plate
remains functional and grows bone
What is the appearance of hyaline cartilage
glassy, firm ECM with mostly type 2 collagen fibers
Is the collagen in hyaline cartilage detectable
no, because it is present in the form of fibrils
What supplies nutrients to hyaline cartilage
perichondrium
What is the perichondrium composed of
dense CT
Where is the perichondrium found
on the surface of cartilage
What is contained within the cavities of the cartilage matrix
lacunae for chondrocytes
Where did chondroblasts originate from
mesenchymal cells
Where are chondroblasts found
in growing cartilage
What cells are responsible for the maintence of cartilage ECM
chondroblasts
What do chondroblasts secrete
ECM
What is stored within chondrocytes
lipid and glycogen
What are isogenous groups
recently divided chondrocytes that sit in clusters within the lacunae
What is the territorial matrix
basophilic “capsule” around the isogenous groups
What makes the territorial matrix basophilic
high concentration of GAGs
What is interterritorial matrix
matrix between groups of chondrocytes, lighter colored
What makes the interterritorial matrix lighter in color
low concentration of GAGs
What is the function of the perichondrium
collagenous membrane
What does the perichondrium carry
vessels and nerves that are essential for the avascular cartilage
Destruction of the perichondrium results in what
destruction of the underlying cartilage
What are the two layers of perichondrium
outer fibrous layer and inner chondrogenic layer
What is the outer fibrous layer of the perichondrium composed of
dense connective tissue
What is the inner chondrogenic layer of the perichondrium composed of
mesenchymal cells
What are the mesenchymal cells a source for
chondroblasts
Where is the perichondrium absent
articulating surfaces where cartilage contacts bone
Where is elastic cartilage found
external ear
epiglottis
cartilages of the larynx
What stain is used to view elastic fibers
resorcin-fuchsin
orcein
What cartilage does NOT calcify with age
elastic
What cartilage is very susceptible to calcification with age
hyaline
What is the morphology of fibrous cartilage
dense regular connective tissue and hyaline cartilage
How do condrovytes appear in fibrous cartilage
chondrocytes are sitting in rows
What are the rows of chondrocytes in fibrous cartilage called
isogenous groups
Does fibrocartilage have a perichondrium
no
What are the two types of cartilage growth
appositional growth
interstitial growth
What is appositional growth
chondroblasts are formed by the inner layer of perichondrium
they produce matrix and then turn to chondrocytes
What type of collagen composes the matrix that the chondroblasts secrete
type II
What type of collagen is produced by the perichondrium
type 1
What is interstitial growth
division of chondrocytes within the lacunae–isogenous groups
How is cartilage repaired
avascular so it is dependent on perichondrium for repair
