Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LECOM MS1 Histology > Histology: Bone (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Histology: Bone (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

How is the connective tissue of bone characterized by

A

mineralized extracellular matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the ECM of bone composed of

A

Hydroxyapatite crystals
Collagen I
Glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What glycoproteins are found in bone

A

osteocalcin
osteonectin
osteopontin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What cells is bone composed of

A

osteocyte
osteoblast
osteoprogenitor cells
osteoclast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of bone

A

support
protect
storage for calcium and phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the histological components of bone

A 
bone tissue
hemopoeitic tissue
fat tissue
Dense CT
vessels
nerves
endosteum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is hemopoeitic tissue found

A

in the red bone marrow in the epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is fat tissue found

A

yellow bone marrow of the shaft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is dense connective tissue found

A

outer fibrous layer of periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the fibers of the periosteum that extend into the bone called

A

Sharpey’s fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the endosteum

A

covers the inner surface of the marrow cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What cells are found in the endosteum

A

osteoprogenitor or endosteal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of osteoprogenitor cells

A

differentiate into osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two types of bone

A

compact bone

spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is compact bone found

A

within the shaft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is spongy bone found

A

forming trabeculae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the different classifications of bone, based on shape

A

long bone
short bone
flat bone
irregular bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a haversian lamellae

A

concentric lamellae surrounding a haversian canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do the concentric lamellae surrounding a haversian canal form

A

cylindrical units called osteon or haversian systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the axis of the haversian system parallel with

A

the shaft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is contained within a haversian canal

A

vessels and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a Volkmann’s canal

A

horizontal canal leading from one haverian canal to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where are osteocytes found

A

in lacunae between the lamellae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are canaliculi

A

hair like canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are canaliculi formed from

A

osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is interstitial lamellae

A

old haversian systems found between osteons and fill the space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the outer circumferential lamellae

A

lining on the outer surface of bone under periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the inner circumferential lamellae

A

lining on inner sruface of bone under the endosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Where is immature bone found

A

skeleton of developing fetus, adult alveolar sockets, and tendon attachments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is immature bone composed of

A

nonlamellar bone composed of interlacing collagen fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Describe the appearance of immature bone

A

more cell rich than mature bone

cells randomly arranged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the matrix of immature bone compared to mature bone

A

less mineralized with more ground substance than mature bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What does immature bone stain and why

A

basophilic due to more ground substance

34
Q

What type of bone will lack osteons

A

immature bone

35
Q

What is the periosteum

A

collagenous membrane on the outer surface of bone

36
Q

What does the periosteum contain

A

vessels, nerves, and nociceptors

37
Q

What are the two layers the periosteum is composed of

A

fibrous outer layer

inner osteogenic layer

38
Q

What composes the fibrous outer layer of the periosteum

A

Dense irregular CT

39
Q

What composes inner osteogenic layer of the periosteum

A

osteoprogenitor cells

40
Q

What does the endosteum cover

A

covers the marrow cavity

41
Q

What does the endosteum contain

A

osteoprogenitor cells

42
Q

What is the structure/appearance of osteoprogenitor cells

A

flattened cells that resemble fibroblasts

43
Q

What type of staining of the cytoplasm do osteoprogenitor cells stain

A

basophilic

44
Q

What is the location of osteoprogenitor cells

A

inner layer of periosteum

endosteum

lining haversian and volkmann’s canals

45
Q

What will osteoprogenitor cells differentiate into

A

osteoblasts

46
Q

What is the function of osteoblasts

A

form chondroblasts, adipocytes, and fibroblasts

appositional bone formation

47
Q

What do osteoblasts eventually become

A

osteocytes

48
Q

What do osteoblasts secrete

A

collagen and ground substance that forms the initial unmineralized bone

49
Q

What is the initial unmineralized bone called

A

osteoid

50
Q

What is an osteocyte

A

bone cell

51
Q

How are osteocytes formed

A

when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix it has secreted

52
Q

Where are osteoblasts found

A

form a single cuboidal cell layer on the surface of the growing bone, sitting on a light band of osteoid

53
Q

What do osteoblast cytoplasm stain

A

basophilic due to rER

54
Q

How is the calcification process of bone initiated

A

osteoblasts secreting vesicles containing alkaline phosphatase

55
Q

What is the function of osteocytes

A

maintain the bone matrix

56
Q

The death of an osteocyte results in what

A

reabsorption of bone

57
Q

How do osteocytes communicate

A

via gap junction

58
Q

Where are the gap junctions in osteocytes

A

canaliculi connect lacunae in which the osteocytes sit

59
Q

What are the different types of osteocytes

A

Inactive (quiescent)
Formative
Resorptive

60
Q

What type of organelles does an inactive osteocyte have

A

few organelles

61
Q

What type of organelles does a formative osteocyte have

A

rER

62
Q

What type of organelles does a resorptive osteocyte have

A

lysosomes

63
Q

What is the structure of osteoclasts

A

large multinucleated acidophilic cells, nuclei sitting on the side of the cells further away from the bony trabecula

64
Q

Where in the bone can you find osteoclasts

A

sitting on the ruffled border, contacting the bone

65
Q

What is the function of osteoclassts

A

resorb bone matrix, releasing minerals back into the blood

66
Q

What do osteoclasts release to aid in their function

A

lysosomal hydrolases and organic acids that digest organic components and decalcify the underlying bone

67
Q

What is the name for where osteoclasts are found

A

Howship’s lacunae: resorption bay

68
Q

What disease can result in increased osteoclast activity

A

hyperparathyroidism

69
Q

How does hyperparathyroidism result in increases osteoclast activity

A

increases PTH increases osteoclast activity

70
Q

What decreases osteoclast activity

A

calcitonin

71
Q

What occurs during intramembraneous ossificiation

A

Mesenchymal cells aggregate–turn into osteoblasts and secrete osteoid

Osteoid will minerlize and osteoblasts will be surrounded by lacunae and become osteocytes

72
Q

Is cartilage involved in intramembraneous ossification

A

nope

73
Q

Where does intramembranous ossification occur

A

embryo skull bone and in fractures where the broken ends are very closely aligned

74
Q

What is the process of endochondral ossification

A

Hyaline cartilage models of bone

perichondrium forms a bony collar around the cartilage model (appositional growth)–> periosteum

Primary ossification center develops

Capillary roots break into the bone carrying osteoprogenitor cells that settle on the surface of the remaining calcified cartilage trabecules and turn into osteoblasts

Osteoblasts build up the bone

secondary ossification centers: capillary loops break into the epiphysis

remaining epiphyseal plate forms bone towards the opposite directions lengthening the bone

75
Q

What are primary ossification centers

A

chondrocytes in the middle of the model become hypertrophic, secrete alkaline phosphatase, and the surrounding matrix undergoes calcification

calcified matrix inhibits diffusion of nutriets–death of the suicidal cells

death of chondrocytes the matrix breaks down forming a cavity

76
Q

When does bone via endochondral ossification untimately calcify

A

age in the 20s

77
Q

What is the epiphyseal plate

A

flat plate of hyaline cartilage seen in young, growing bone

78
Q

What are the layers of endochondral ossification

A
  1. Zone of reserve cartilage
  2. zone of proliferation
  3. zone of hypertrophy
  4. zone of calcified cartilage
  5. zone or resportion
79
Q

What is the zone of proliferation look like

A

cartilage cells are arranged into rows

80
Q

What type of growth will increase diameter of bone

A

appositional growth

81
Q

Where does appositional growth occur

A

periosteum

LECOM MS1 Histology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions