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Dermatology > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What cell type makes up the most outer layer of the skin?

A

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

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2
Q

What is Blaschko’s Lines and why are they important?

A

Developmental growth pattern of skin

If a condition runs along these lines -> inborn error

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3
Q

What are the 3 layers of skin?

What appendages can be found within it?

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Subcutaneous tissue

Hair
Nails
Glands
Mucosae

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4
Q

What defines a scar?

A

No appendages present

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5
Q

Name the 4 layers of the epidermis

A

Keratin layer
Granular layer
Prickle cell layer
Basal layer

(kerry’s gran pricks basil)

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6
Q

A loss of control of epidermal turnover can result in what?

A

Skin cancer

Psoriasis

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7
Q

What makes up the majority of the dermis

A

Collagen fibres (that’s what makes leather …)

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8
Q

How long does it take for skin to regenerate? (Keratinocytes migrate from basement membrane)

A

28 days

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9
Q

Describe the histological makeup of basal layer?

A

One cell thick

Small cubodial

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10
Q

What cell type makes up the prickle cell layer?

A

Larger polyhedral cells

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11
Q

How can granular layer be identified on slide?

Granular layer contains filaggrin. True or false?

A

2-3 layers of flatter cells that have NO NUCLEI

True

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12
Q

How does skin retain water and keep hydrated?

A

Filaggrin found in granular layer and keratin layer (short fillaggrin break-down products = retain water)

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13
Q

What layer of the skin is responsible for tight waterproof barrier?

A

Keratin layer

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14
Q

Describe the pattern between kertainisation of mucosal membranes and level of trauma and activity the muscosal layer is subject to

A

Mucosal layers are more kertainised/are kertainised in areas that need more protection

e.g. kertainised inside mouth
lips = non-keratinised

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15
Q

What within a melanocyte produces melanin?

Where are melanocytes found?

A

Melanosomes

Basal layer - just above dermo-epidermal junction

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16
Q

Explain the process by which melanocytes are used to help protect nuclear DNA in basal cells

A

Melanocytes contain melanosomes.

Melanosomes convert tyrosine -> melanin

Fully converted melanosomes travel to neighbouring keratinocytes where they form a melanin cap over nucleus

Melanin absorbs UV light

17
Q

What causes the variation in skin tone?

A

Variation in melanin production NOT the difference in number of melanoyctes

18
Q

What drives melanin production?

A

UV light trigger hormones to convert tyrosine to melanin

19
Q

Where are langerhans cells produced?

Where are they found in the skin?

What is their role?

A

Bone marrow (mesenchymal origin)

Prickle cell layer (and dermis/lymph nodes)

APC - pick up antigen via bring to lymph
Subset of dendritic cells

20
Q

What are Merkel cells?

Where are they found?

A

Important for sensation

Basal layer between keratinocytes and nerve fibres

21
Q

What sticks the dermis to epidermis?

Why is it important?

A

Dermo-epidermal junction

Allows flow of nutrients to epidermis

Provides barrier and filtration

22
Q

What are the 2 parts of the dermis?

A

Papillary dermis - more surface
- less dense collagen

Reticular dermis - deeper
- more dense collagen

ADD

23
Q

What helps with solute transfer in dermis?

A

Ground substance (jelly substance)

24
Q

Why are fibroblasts important in dermis?

A

They produce collagen and elastic fibres etc. for structure and strength

25
Q

What WBC are found in dermis?

A
  • Macrophages
  • Mast cells
  • Langerhans cells (o way to lymph from prickle cell layer)
26
Q

What causes wrinkles?

A

Degradation of elastic fibres caused by UV radiation

27
Q

How do blood vessels flow under the epidermis?

A

Horizontal plexuses (horizontal to skin layer)

28
Q

There are no blood vessels in the epidermis. True or false?

A

True

29
Q

What in the skin allows for reception of:

Vibrations
Pressure
Pain

Where are they found?
What is a distinguishing feature on slides?

A

Meissner’s corpuscle

  • vibration
  • dermis just under epidermis
  • bulb with stem appearance

Pacinian corpuscle

  • pressure
  • deep dermis
  • onion ring appearance

Free nerve endings

  • Pain
  • basal layer of epidermis
30
Q

Name the 3 different types of glands in the skin:

  • state action of each
  • where they are found in highest abundance

Go to Onenote and complete diagram of position of glands

A

Eccrine glands

  • thermoregulation
  • palms, soles and axilla

Sebaceous glands

  • holocrine secretion - produce sebum into hair follicule to coat hair and skin
  • largest in face + chest

Apocrine glands

  • likely to feremoan secretion/ odour secretion
  • axillae/nipples and genitals
31
Q

What kind of collagen is found in skin?

A

I and III

32
Q

What is perikeratosis?

A

Nuclei present in the keratin layer

33
Q

What is the most metabolically active layer of the skin?

A

Basal cell layer

34
Q

Mucosal membranes are highly specialised for function. True or false?

A

True

35
Q

What cell makes up 95% of epidermal cells and what is its role?

A

Keratinocytes

Vitamin D production

36
Q

What layer of the skin contains obland bodies?

What are they and why are they important?

A

Granular layer

Lamellar bodies excreted by keratinocytes that form the high lipid content secretion that acts as a water barrier

Dermatology (24 decks)

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