Disease

Question 1

Empidermolysis bullosa “butterfly skin”

Answer 1

Abnormalities in proteins in dermo-epidermal junction

Causes chronic scarring of skin

V disabling

Question 2

What causes angioma?

Discolouration in skin - look at pics

Answer 2

Abnormal structuring in blood vessels in the dermis

Double check

Question 3

Chronic lymphodema

Answer 3

Bacterial damage to lymphatics causes chronic inflammation due to lymph not being able to drain

Question 4

Alopecia areata

Answer 4

Autoimmune condition of unknown cause

Attack on hair follicle - ADD

Question 5

Hirsutism

Answer 5

Hair growing where it shouldn’t be - generally in female

Due to increase in hormone

Causes baby hairs to become terminal harirs

Question 6

Acute skin failure AKA TEN (toxin epidermal necrosis)

Explain how it is caused?

What 3 things can it lead to which results in a high mortality rate?

Answer 6

Medicine induced

Kerationcytes die -> epidermis detachs from dermo-epidermal junction

Inability to thermoregulate -> ? CV instability
Increased risk of bacterial and fungal infections -> v.high risk of sepsis
Failure of homeostatic control -> major fluid loss

Question 7

Irritant hand dermatitis

Answer 7

From continual hand washing etc.

Question 8

Porphyria curanea tarda (PCT) type I

Answer 8

Involves liver
Commonest porphyria
Hepatic porphyria

Diagnose (2 steps)

• Diagnose PCT
• Diagnose cause of PCT
  
  • alcohol
  • viral hepatitis
  • oestrogens
  • heamochromtosis

Presentation

• single large blisters (Bullae)
• marked poor healing/ fragile skin
• small firm white milia

Investigations
- Woods lamp (UV light) on urine

Management

• relieve skin disease
• treat underlying disease to reduce risk of liver disease

Question 9

Difference between milia and calcium deposits

Answer 9

Appear the same

Calcium very firm and hard
Milia firm but not hard (keratin deposits)

Question 10

What is shingles?

Answer 10

Reactivation of chicken pox

Question 11

Define cellulitis

What is the most likely cause of infection?

Answer 11

Secondary bacterial infection

Infection of dermis which does NOT involve necrosis

Staph aureus (20% of pop are carriers and can AUTO-INFECT)

Question 12

Napkin dermatitis

Answer 12

Nappy rash

Question 13

eczema

Answer 13

ill defined edge
itchy
erythematous
scaly

Question 14

What histological sign is associated with eczema?

Answer 14

Spongiotic dermatitis

Question 15

Eczema = dermatitis. True or false?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What can trigger contact dermatitis?

Answer 16

Allergens
Nickel
Latex

Question 17

test for contact dermatitis causes?

Answer 17

patch testing

Question 18

What is the name for the autoimmune disease with a loss of melanocytes?

Answer 18

Vitiligo