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3rd Year - Reproduction > Histology 2 - Histology of the Breast > Flashcards

Histology 2 - Histology of the Breast Flashcards

1
Q

What type of structure is the breast?

A

A gland

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2
Q

What layer of the body is the breast located in?

A

Subcutaneous - sits anterior to the fascia on the anterior wall of the chest

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3
Q

How many lobes makes up the secretory tissue of the breast?

A

15-25

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4
Q

Describe the basic structure of a breast lobe?

A

Compound tubulo-acinar gland which drains into a series of ducts leading to the nipple

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5
Q

What is found adjacent to secretory lobules in the breast?

What is this surrounded in?

A

Dense fibrous tissue

Adipose tissue

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6
Q

What is the name for the pigmented area around the nipple?

A

Areola

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7
Q

What are lobes of the breast made up of?

A

Lobules

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8
Q

What is the name for the space between the breast and pectoralis major?

A

Retromammary space

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9
Q

What is the name for the larger condensations that extend from the dermis of the skin to the deep fascia overlying the muscle of the anterior chest wall in the non-lactating breast?

A

Suspensory ligaments

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10
Q

What is the purpose of suspensory ligaments?

A

To support the breast

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11
Q

What is the name of the basic functional secretory unit of the breast?

A

Terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU)

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12
Q

What is another name for terminal ductules?

A

Acini

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13
Q

In a non-lactating breast, what do terminal ductules lead into?

A

An intralobular duct

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14
Q

What do intralobular collecting ducts lead into?

A

Lactiferous duct (for that lobe)

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15
Q

What do the lactiferous ducts lead to?

A

The nipple

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16
Q

What is the name for the expanded duct region near the nipple?

A

Lactiferous sinus

17
Q

What surrounds the acini within the lobule?

What does this allow?

A

Looser connective tissue

Rapid expansion in pregnancy

18
Q

What type of cells are the secretory epithelial cells lining the acini within the lobule?

A

Vary from cuboidal to columnar

19
Q

What surrounds the secretory cells of the acinus?

A

Myoepithelial cells (MEp)

20
Q

What are the myoepithelial cells surrounded by?

A

The basal lamina

21
Q

What are the purpose of the myoepithelial cells?

A

Helps to push the milk out

22
Q

What type of epithelium lines larger ducts, such as a lactiferous duct?

A

Varies from a thin stratified squamous epithelium to a stratified cuboidal epithelium (becomes squamous as you get closer to the nipple)

23
Q

Are myoepithelial cells present in larger duct, such as a lactiferous duct?

A

Yes

24
Q

What do many people believe the origin of mammary glands is?

A

Modified sweat glands

25
Q

Does the nipple have a smooth or wrinkled surface?

A

Wrinkled

26
Q

What type of epithelium covers the nipple?

A

A thin, highly pigment keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

27
Q

Describe the core of the nipple.

A

Dense irregular connective tissue mixed with bundles of smooth muscle

28
Q

What type of glands are present in the nipple?

Where do these end?

A

Sebaceous glands

On the surface of the skin

29
Q

What happens to the breast during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle`?

A

Epithelial cells increase in height
Lumina of the ducts become enlarged
Small amounts of secretions appear in the ducts

30
Q

What happens to the breast during the first trimester of pregnancy?

A

Elongation and branching of the smaller ducts, combined with proliferation of the epithelial cells of the glands and the myoepithelial ccells

31
Q

What happens to the breast during the second trimester of pregnancy?

A

Glandular tissue continues to develop with differentiation of secretory alveoli
Plasma cells and lymphocytes infiltrate the nearby connective tissue

32
Q

What happens to the breast during the third trimester of pregnancy?

A

Alveoli continue to mature, with development of extensive rER

33
Q

What does oestrogen and progesterone stimulate to happen during pregnancy?

A

Proliferation of secretory tissue

Fibro-fatty tissue to become sparse

34
Q

What is the approximate composition of human milk?

A

88% water
1.5% protein (mainly lactalbumin and casein)
7% carbohydrate (mainly lactose)
3.5% lipid
Small quantities of ions, vitamins and IgA antibodies

35
Q

Describe the method by which lipid droplets are secreted into breast milk?

A

Apocrine secretion

36
Q

Where are the proteins in milk made?

A

The rough endoplasmic reticulum

37
Q

Name the method by which protein is secreted into breast milk?

A

Merocrine secretion (aka exocytosis)

38
Q

What happens to the terminal duct lobular unit following menopause?

A

The secretory cells of the TDLU’s degenerate leaving only ducts

39
Q

What happens to the connective tissue of the breast following menopause?

A

Fewer fibroblasts and reduced collagen and elastic fibres

3rd Year - Reproduction (10 decks)

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