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3rd Year - Reproduction > Anatomy 3 - Clinically Relevant of Female Repro Tract > Flashcards

Anatomy 3 - Clinically Relevant of Female Repro Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What parts of the female reproductive system lies within the pelvic cavity? (4)

A

Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Superior part of vagina

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2
Q

What parts of the female reproductive tract lies within the perineum? (5)

A 
Inferior part of vagina
Perineal muscles
Bartholin's glands
Clitoris
Labia
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3
Q

What is the name of the pouch in females between the bladder and uterus?

A

Vesico-uterine pouch

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4
Q

What is the name of the pouch between the uterus and rectum in a female?

A

Recto-uterine pouch/ pouch of Douglas

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5
Q

Where does excess fluid within the peritoneal cavity tend to collect in females?

A

Pouch of Douglas

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6
Q

How can fluid in the Pouch of Douglas be drained?

A

Needle passed through the posterior fornix of the vagina

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7
Q

What is the broad ligament made up of?

A

Double layer of peritoneum

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8
Q

Where does the broad ligament extend between?

A

Uterus and the lateral walls and floor of the pelvis

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the broad ligament?

A

Helps maintaining the uterus in its correct midline position

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10
Q

What is contained within the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

Uterine tubes

(Proximal part of) the round ligament

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11
Q

What is the round ligament?

A

An embryological remnant

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12
Q

Where does the round ligament attach?

A

The lateral aspect of the uterus

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13
Q

Where does the round ligament attach?

A

Lateral aspect of the uterus

Passes through the deep inguinal ring to attach to the superficial tissue of the female perineum

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14
Q

What is the name of the gland which embryological helps the movement of the ovary/ testes down into the pelvis/ scrotum?

A

Gubernaculum

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15
Q

What helps to hold the uterus in place?

A

Number of strong ligaments e.g. uterosacral ligament
Endopelvic fascia
Muscles of pelvic floor

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16
Q

What can weakness of the uterine support lead to?

A

Uterine prolpase

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17
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterine body?

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

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18
Q

What is the opening of the cervix into in the vagina?

A

External cervical os

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19
Q

What is the most common position of the uterus?

A

Anteverted and anteflexed

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20
Q

What does an anteverted uterus mean?

A

Uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

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21
Q

What does an anteflexed uterus mean?

A

Uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix

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22
Q

What does a retroverted uterus mean?

A

Uterus tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

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23
Q

What does a retroflexed uterus mean?

A

Uterus tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix

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24
Q

What part of the cervix is sampled during cervical screening?

A

Squamo columnar junction (transformation zone)

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25
Q

What type of epithelium is outside the cervix?

A

Squamous

26
Q

What type of epithelium is inside the cervix?

A

Columnar

27
Q

What part of the uterine tubes does fertilisation normally occur in?

A

Ampulla

28
Q

What is the name for removal of both uterine tubes and ovaries?

A

Bilateral salpino-oophrectomy

29
Q

What is the name for the removal of one of the uterine tubes?

A

Unilateral salpingectomy

30
Q

What are the parts of the fallopian tubes starting from the ovary end?

A

Fimbriae of the infundibulum
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus

31
Q

What size and shape are the ovaries?

A

Almond

32
Q

Where do the ovaries develop?

A

Posterior abdominal wall and move onto the lateral wall of the pelvis

33
Q

What is the name for the space around the cervix in the vagina?

A

Fornix

34
Q

What are the 4 parts of the fornix?

A

Anterior
Posterior
2 lateral

35
Q

What can be located laterally at 4 and 8 o’clock positions in the vaginal digital exam?

A

Ischial spines

36
Q

What is the perineum?

A

Shallow space between pelvic diaphragm and the skin

37
Q

What are the names of the 2 pouches of the perineum?

A

Superficial

Deep

38
Q

What are the 2 triangular parts of the perineum?

A

Urogenital triangle

Anal triangle

39
Q

What type of muscles are the levator ani muscles?

A

Skeletal

40
Q

How does levator ani provide continual support for the pelvic organs?

A

Tonic contraction

Reflexively contract further during situations of increased intra-abdominal pressure

41
Q

Describe the nerve supply to levator ani

A

Nerve to levator ani (S3,4,5)

Probably also the pudendal nerve

42
Q

What is the nerve supply to the perineal muscles?

A

Pudendal nerve

43
Q

What is the name for the bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue into which the perineal muscles attach?

A

Perineal body (important to pelvic floor strength)

44
Q

Name for the erectile tissue found within the perineum?

A

Bartholins gland (great vestibular gland)

45
Q

Role of cowper’s gland in males?

A

Role in both erection and ejaculation

46
Q

Role of bartholins gland in females?

A

Relatively underdeveloped but some role in pelvic floor strength

47
Q

Name of relative structure to Bartholins gland in males?

A

Cowpers gland

48
Q

Name for part of the vulva between the labia minus?

A

Vestibule

49
Q

At what rib levels are the breast found?

A

Ribs 2-6 (lateral border of sternum to mid-axillary line)

50
Q

What does breast tissue lie superficially to?

A

Deep fascia covering pec major and serratus anterior

51
Q

What is the name of the space between fascia and breast?

A

Retromammary space

52
Q

How is the breast firmly attached to skin?

A

Suspensory ligaments

53
Q

Name of tubes between lactating/ non-lactating lobules and nipple?

A

Lactiferous ducts

54
Q

Name for pigmented skin surrounding the female nipple?

A

Areola

55
Q

Where does most lymph from the breast drain?

A

To the ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes and then to the supraclavicular nodes

56
Q

Where can lymph from only the inner breast quadrants drain to?

A

Parasternal lymph nodes

57
Q

Where can lymph from only the lower inner breast quadrant drain to?

A

Abdominal lymph nodes

58
Q

What other structure, apart from the breast, drains to the axillary lymph nodes?

A

Upper limb

59
Q

What does the axilla contain?

A

Brachial plexus branches
Axillary artery and axillary vein
Axillary lymph nodes
All embedded in axillary fat

60
Q

Where are level I axillary nodes located?

A

Inferior and lateral to pectoralis minor

61
Q

Where are level II axillary nodes located?

A

Deep to pectoralis minor

62
Q

Where are level III axillary nodes located?

A

Superior and medial to pectoralis minor

3rd Year - Reproduction (10 decks)

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