Anatomy 3 - Clinically Relevant of Female Repro Tract Flashcards
What parts of the female reproductive system lies within the pelvic cavity? (4)
Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Superior part of vagina
What parts of the female reproductive tract lies within the perineum? (5)
Inferior part of vagina Perineal muscles Bartholin's glands Clitoris Labia
What is the name of the pouch in females between the bladder and uterus?
Vesico-uterine pouch
What is the name of the pouch between the uterus and rectum in a female?
Recto-uterine pouch/ pouch of Douglas
Where does excess fluid within the peritoneal cavity tend to collect in females?
Pouch of Douglas
How can fluid in the Pouch of Douglas be drained?
Needle passed through the posterior fornix of the vagina
What is the broad ligament made up of?
Double layer of peritoneum
Where does the broad ligament extend between?
Uterus and the lateral walls and floor of the pelvis
What is the purpose of the broad ligament?
Helps maintaining the uterus in its correct midline position
What is contained within the broad ligament of the uterus?
Uterine tubes
(Proximal part of) the round ligament
What is the round ligament?
An embryological remnant
Where does the round ligament attach?
The lateral aspect of the uterus
Where does the round ligament attach?
Lateral aspect of the uterus
Passes through the deep inguinal ring to attach to the superficial tissue of the female perineum
What is the name of the gland which embryological helps the movement of the ovary/ testes down into the pelvis/ scrotum?
Gubernaculum
What helps to hold the uterus in place?
Number of strong ligaments e.g. uterosacral ligament
Endopelvic fascia
Muscles of pelvic floor
What can weakness of the uterine support lead to?
Uterine prolpase
What are the 3 layers of the uterine body?
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
What is the opening of the cervix into in the vagina?
External cervical os
What is the most common position of the uterus?
Anteverted and anteflexed
What does an anteverted uterus mean?
Uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina
What does an anteflexed uterus mean?
Uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix
What does a retroverted uterus mean?
Uterus tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina
What does a retroflexed uterus mean?
Uterus tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix
What part of the cervix is sampled during cervical screening?
Squamo columnar junction (transformation zone)
What type of epithelium is outside the cervix?
Squamous
What type of epithelium is inside the cervix?
Columnar
What part of the uterine tubes does fertilisation normally occur in?
Ampulla
What is the name for removal of both uterine tubes and ovaries?
Bilateral salpino-oophrectomy
What is the name for the removal of one of the uterine tubes?
Unilateral salpingectomy
What are the parts of the fallopian tubes starting from the ovary end?
Fimbriae of the infundibulum
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
What size and shape are the ovaries?
Almond
Where do the ovaries develop?
Posterior abdominal wall and move onto the lateral wall of the pelvis
What is the name for the space around the cervix in the vagina?
Fornix
What are the 4 parts of the fornix?
Anterior
Posterior
2 lateral
What can be located laterally at 4 and 8 o’clock positions in the vaginal digital exam?
Ischial spines
What is the perineum?
Shallow space between pelvic diaphragm and the skin
What are the names of the 2 pouches of the perineum?
Superficial
Deep
What are the 2 triangular parts of the perineum?
Urogenital triangle
Anal triangle
What type of muscles are the levator ani muscles?
Skeletal
How does levator ani provide continual support for the pelvic organs?
Tonic contraction
Reflexively contract further during situations of increased intra-abdominal pressure
Describe the nerve supply to levator ani
Nerve to levator ani (S3,4,5)
Probably also the pudendal nerve
What is the nerve supply to the perineal muscles?
Pudendal nerve
What is the name for the bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue into which the perineal muscles attach?
Perineal body (important to pelvic floor strength)
Name for the erectile tissue found within the perineum?
Bartholins gland (great vestibular gland)
Role of cowper’s gland in males?
Role in both erection and ejaculation
Role of bartholins gland in females?
Relatively underdeveloped but some role in pelvic floor strength
Name of relative structure to Bartholins gland in males?
Cowpers gland
Name for part of the vulva between the labia minus?
Vestibule
At what rib levels are the breast found?
Ribs 2-6 (lateral border of sternum to mid-axillary line)
What does breast tissue lie superficially to?
Deep fascia covering pec major and serratus anterior
What is the name of the space between fascia and breast?
Retromammary space
How is the breast firmly attached to skin?
Suspensory ligaments
Name of tubes between lactating/ non-lactating lobules and nipple?
Lactiferous ducts
Name for pigmented skin surrounding the female nipple?
Areola
Where does most lymph from the breast drain?
To the ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes and then to the supraclavicular nodes
Where can lymph from only the inner breast quadrants drain to?
Parasternal lymph nodes
Where can lymph from only the lower inner breast quadrant drain to?
Abdominal lymph nodes
What other structure, apart from the breast, drains to the axillary lymph nodes?
Upper limb
What does the axilla contain?
Brachial plexus branches
Axillary artery and axillary vein
Axillary lymph nodes
All embedded in axillary fat
Where are level I axillary nodes located?
Inferior and lateral to pectoralis minor
Where are level II axillary nodes located?
Deep to pectoralis minor
Where are level III axillary nodes located?
Superior and medial to pectoralis minor
