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3rd Year - Reproduction > Anatomy 7 - Anatomy of O&G Surgical Incisions > Flashcards

Anatomy 7 - Anatomy of O&G Surgical Incisions Flashcards

1
Q

What type of incision is made for a lower segment caesarean section?

A

Suprapubic incision

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2
Q

What are another 2 names for a suprapubic incision?

A

Pfannenstiel incision

Bikini-line incision

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3
Q

What type of incision is made for a laparotomy?

A

Vertical midline incision

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4
Q

What type of incision is made for an abdominal hysterectomy?

A

Suprapubic

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5
Q

When making an incision, what lines should be followed where possible?

A

Langer lines

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6
Q

What abdominal muscle runs down the centre of the abdomen?

A

Rectus abdominis

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7
Q

What is the rectus abdominis contained within?

A

Rectus sheath

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8
Q

What forms the rectus sheath?

A

The aponeurosis of the transverse abdomens and the external and internal oblique muscles

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9
Q

What are the 3 layers of muscles from external to internal at the sides of the abdomen?

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis

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10
Q

What is the name of the single midline fibrous line in the anterior abdominal wall formed by the median fusion of the layers of the rectus sheath medial to the bilateral rectus abdomens muscle?

A

Linea alba

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11
Q

What does the external oblique attach between?

A

Lower ribs
Iliac crest
Pubic tubercle
Linea alba

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12
Q

In what direction does the external oblique fibres run?

A

Same as external intercostals (hands in pocket)

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13
Q

What does the internal oblique attach between?

A

Lower ribs
thoracolumbar fascia
iliac crest
linea alba

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14
Q

In what direction does the internal oblique fibres run?

A

Same direction as internal intercostals (up and in)

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15
Q

What does the transversus abdominis attach between?

A

Lower ribs
thoracolumbar fascia
iliac crest
linea alba

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16
Q

What divides each rectus abdominis into 3 or 4 smaller muscles?

A

Tendinous intersections

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17
Q

What is the purpose of the tendinous intersections of the rectus abdomens?

A

Improved mechanical efficiency

18
Q

What does the linea alba run from and to?

A

Xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis

19
Q

Described the texture/ strength of the rectus sheath?

A

Strong fibrous layer (need to stitch it closed)

20
Q

What can the rectus sheath be divided up into?

A

Anterior and posterior rectus sheath

21
Q

When undertaking a suprapubic incision, how is the rectus sheath incised?

A

Anteriorly

22
Q

What lies between transversus abdominus and the parietal peritoneum?

A

Trasversali fascia and extra peritoneal fat

23
Q

What nerves sensory innervation to the anterolateral abdominal wall? (4)

A

7th - 11th intercostal nerves (become thoracoabdominal nerves)
Subcostal nerve
Iliohypogastric nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve

24
Q

Nerve root of subcostal nerve?

A

T12

25
Q

Nerve root of iliohypogastric nerve?

A

L1

26
Q

Nerve root of ilioinguinal nerve?

A

L1

27
Q

How to the nerves to the anterolateral abdominal wall enter?

A

Lateral direction

28
Q

What layer of the abdomen does the nerves supplying the anterolateral abdominal wall travel in?

A

Plane between the internal oblique and the transverses abdominis

29
Q

What arteries supply the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Superior epigastric arteries

Inferior epigastric arteries

30
Q

What artery is the superior epigastric artery a continuation of?

A

Internal thoracic

31
Q

What muscle does the superior epigastric artery lie inferior to?

A

Rectus abdominis

32
Q

What artery is the external iliac artery a branch of?

A

External iliac artery

33
Q

What muscle does the inferior epigastric artery lie posterior to?

A

Rectus abdominis

34
Q

What arteries supply the lateral abdominal wall?

A

Intercostal and subcostal arteries

35
Q

Is the rectus muscles cut in a lower segment caesarean section?

A

No

36
Q

What layers must be stitched closed after a lower segment caesarean section?

A

Uterine wall with visceral peritoneum
Rectus sheath
(fascial layer if increased BMI)
Skin

37
Q

What structures need to be opened when carrying out a laparotomy?

A

Skin and fascia
Linea alba
Peritoneum

38
Q

Why does the midline incision made when carrying out a laparotomy have an increased chance of wound complications?

A

Relatively bloodless = healing is not as good

39
Q

If a lateral port is required in a laparoscopy, care must be taken to avoid what?

A

The inferior epigastric artery

40
Q

Where does the external iliac artery emerge from?

A

Just medial to the deep inguinal ring (half way between ASIS and pubic tubercle)

41
Q

Where does the ureter pass in relation to the uterine artery?

A

Inferior

3rd Year - Reproduction (10 decks)

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