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3rd Year - Reproduction > Histology 1 - Histology of the Female Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

Histology 1 - Histology of the Female Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Name for production of gametes in females?

A

Oogenesis

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2
Q

What are the 2 main roles of the ovaries?

A

To produce gametes

To produce steroids, mainly oestrogen and progestogens

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3
Q

What is the medulla of the ovary continuous with?

A

The hilum of the ovary

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4
Q

What is the cortex of the ovary formed from?

A

Scattered ovarian follicles in a highly cellular connective tissue stroma

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5
Q

What is the name for the outer shell of the ovarian cortex?

A

Tunica albuginea

Dense connective tissue

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6
Q

What is the name for the single layer of cuboidal cells that covers the tunica albuginea?

A

Germinal epithelium

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7
Q

What is the name for the portion of the broad ligament of the uterus that suspends the ovaries?

A

Mesovarium

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8
Q

What does a ruptured ovarian follicle develop into?

A

Corpus hemorrhagicum

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9
Q

What does a corpus hemorrhagicum of the ovary develop into?

A

Corpus luteum

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10
Q

What does a corpus luteum of the ovary develop into?

A

Corpus albicans

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11
Q

How are oocytes formed during development?

A

Early in embryonic development (around week 6) germ cells from the yolk sac invade the ovaries and proliferate by mitosis to form oogonia
These cells will undergo development and division via meiosis to form mature oocytes (aka ova)

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12
Q

What is the name for the growth of the follicle, which consists of the oocyte and any associated support cells?

A

Folliculogenesis

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13
Q

When does an oogonia undergo mitosis?

What does it form?

A

In utero

Primary oocyte

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14
Q

When does a secondary oocyte undergo its secondary meiotic division?
What does it form?

A

At fertilisation

Ovum

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15
Q

How are oogonia and oocytes lost?

A

Atresia - apoptosis-based process

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16
Q

Stages of follicle development from primordial follicle to mature graafian follicle?

A

Primordial follicle -> primary follicle -> late primary follicle -> secondary follicle -> mature graafian follicle

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17
Q

What is another name for a follicle cell?

A

Pregranulosa cells

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18
Q

What cells are found between the primordial follicles in the fetal ovary?

A

Stromal cells

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19
Q

What shape are pregranulosa cells?

A

Squamous (but if the follicle enters the growth phase, they will become cuboidal)

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20
Q

What cells define primary follicles?

A

Cuboidal granulosa cells (zone granulosa)

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21
Q

In the primary follicle, what begins to form between the oocyte and granulosa cells?

A

Zona pellucida

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22
Q

In a late primary follicle, what do the adjacent stromal cells (theca folliculi) transform to form?

A

Theca interna and theca externa

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23
Q

What does the theca internal go on to do?

What happens to these?

A

Secrete oestrogen precursors

Converted to oestrogen by the granulosa cells

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24
Q

What forms in secondary follicles?

What does this fill with?

A

Antrum

Follicular fluid

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25
Q

What are the very largest astral follicles called?

A

Graafian follicles

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26
Q

When the primary oocyte undergoes its first meiotic division, what does it produce?

A

Secondary oocyte

Polar body

27
Q

When the secondary oocyte undergoes its second meiotic division, what does it produce?

A

Ovum

Polar body

28
Q

What happens, in terms of follicles, one day prior to ovulation?

A

The oocyte in the largest graafian follicle will complete meiosis 1

29
Q

What are the granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte referred to after a follicle ruptures?

A

Corona radiata

30
Q

What does the follicle transform into after ovulation?

A

Corpus luteum

31
Q

If no implantation occurs, what does the corpus luteum become?

A

Corpus albicans

32
Q

what happens to the corpus luteum if implantation occurs?
How?
Why?

A

It is maintained
Placenta secretes HCG which prevents its degeneration
Maintains progesterone levels, which in turn maintains the pregnancy

33
Q

What are 2 other names for the uterine tubes?

A

oviducts

Fallopain tubes

34
Q

What does the infundibulum do in terms of follicular rupture?

A

Moves so that its opening is adjacent to where the follicle ruptures

35
Q

Where does fertilisation of the ovum usually occur?

A

In the ampulla

36
Q

Describe the epithelium in the ampulla?

A

Simple columnar epithelium with ciliated cells and secretory cells surrounded by smooth muscle

37
Q

Describe the epithelium of the isthmus?

A

Secretory with few ciliated cells

38
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle are in the ampulla?

A

2

39
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle are in the isthmus?

A

3

40
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

A

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

41
Q

What is the endometrium made up of?

A

Tubular secretory glands embedded in a connective tissue stroma

42
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle make up the myometrium?

A

3

43
Q

What is the perimetrium made up of?

A

Outer visceral covering of loose connective tissue covered by mesothelium

44
Q

What are the 2 layers of the endometrium?

A

Stratum functionalis

Stratum basalis

45
Q

What layer of the endometrium undergoes monthly growth, degeneration and loss?

A

Stratum functionalis

46
Q

Which layer of the endometrium acts as the reserve tissue which regenerates the other layer?

A

Stratum basalis

47
Q

What type of epithelium lines glands in the stratum functionalis of the endometrium?

A

Pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

48
Q

What hormone causes glands in the stratum functionalis of the endometrium to proliferate?

A

Oestrogen

49
Q

When does the proliferative phase of the endometrium continue until?

A

About 1 day after ovulation

50
Q

What happens to glands in the endometrium during the secretory phase?

A

Become coiled and secrete glycogen

51
Q

What happens during the menstrual phase to physically cause a period?

A

Arterioles in the stratum functionalis undergo construction, depriving the tissue of blood and causing ischaemia, with resultant tissue breakdown, leakage of blood and tissue sloughing

52
Q

Describe the epithelium of the cervix?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium on vaginal surface, but transitioning to mucous secreting simple columnar epithelium

53
Q

Where in the cervix is dyplasia and cervical cancer most likely to occur?

A

Transition zone

54
Q

Describe the secretions from endocervical glands during the proliferative phase?

A

Thin and watery (allowing the passage of sperm)

55
Q

Describe the secretions from endocervical glands after ovulation?

A

Thick and viscous (preventing the passage of sperm, or microorganisms)

56
Q

What can form if the outlet from endocervical glands become blocked?

A

Nabothian cysts

57
Q

4 layers of the vagina?

A 
Non-keratinsed stratified squamous eptihelium
Lamina
propria
Fibromuscular layer
Adventitia
58
Q

Describe the layers of smooth muscle within the fibromuscular layer of the vagina?

A

Inner circular

Outer longitudinal

59
Q

How is the vagina lubricated?

A

Mucous from the cervical glands and fluid from the thin walled blood vessels of the lamina propria (no glands in the wall of the vagina)

60
Q

What are the labia majora extension of?

A

The mons pubis

61
Q

What are the labia minora rich in?

A

Vasculature

Sebaceous glands

62
Q

What type of epithelium extends from the labia minora to the opening of the vagina?

A

Keratinised epithelium

63
Q

Where is there transition from the keratinised epithelium of the labia minora to the non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium of the vagina?

A

At the level of the hymen

64
Q

What is contained within the clitoris?

A

2 tubes of erectile vascular tissue (corpora cavernosa)

3rd Year - Reproduction (10 decks)

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