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3rd Year - Reproduction > Histology 1 - Histology of the Female Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

Histology 1 - Histology of the Female Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Name for production of gametes in females?

A

Oogenesis

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2
Q

What are the 2 main roles of the ovaries?

A

To produce gametes

To produce steroids, mainly oestrogen and progestogens

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3
Q

What is the medulla of the ovary continuous with?

A

The hilum of the ovary

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4
Q

What is the cortex of the ovary formed from?

A

Scattered ovarian follicles in a highly cellular connective tissue stroma

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5
Q

What is the name for the outer shell of the ovarian cortex?

A

Tunica albuginea

Dense connective tissue

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6
Q

What is the name for the single layer of cuboidal cells that covers the tunica albuginea?

A

Germinal epithelium

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7
Q

What is the name for the portion of the broad ligament of the uterus that suspends the ovaries?

A

Mesovarium

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8
Q

What does a ruptured ovarian follicle develop into?

A

Corpus hemorrhagicum

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9
Q

What does a corpus hemorrhagicum of the ovary develop into?

A

Corpus luteum

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10
Q

What does a corpus luteum of the ovary develop into?

A

Corpus albicans

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11
Q

How are oocytes formed during development?

A

Early in embryonic development (around week 6) germ cells from the yolk sac invade the ovaries and proliferate by mitosis to form oogonia
These cells will undergo development and division via meiosis to form mature oocytes (aka ova)

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12
Q

What is the name for the growth of the follicle, which consists of the oocyte and any associated support cells?

A

Folliculogenesis

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13
Q

When does an oogonia undergo mitosis?

What does it form?

A

In utero

Primary oocyte

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14
Q

When does a secondary oocyte undergo its secondary meiotic division?
What does it form?

A

At fertilisation

Ovum

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15
Q

How are oogonia and oocytes lost?

A

Atresia - apoptosis-based process

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16
Q

Stages of follicle development from primordial follicle to mature graafian follicle?

A

Primordial follicle -> primary follicle -> late primary follicle -> secondary follicle -> mature graafian follicle

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17
Q

What is another name for a follicle cell?

A

Pregranulosa cells

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18
Q

What cells are found between the primordial follicles in the fetal ovary?

A

Stromal cells

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19
Q

What shape are pregranulosa cells?

A

Squamous (but if the follicle enters the growth phase, they will become cuboidal)

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20
Q

What cells define primary follicles?

A

Cuboidal granulosa cells (zone granulosa)

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21
Q

In the primary follicle, what begins to form between the oocyte and granulosa cells?

A

Zona pellucida

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22
Q

In a late primary follicle, what do the adjacent stromal cells (theca folliculi) transform to form?

A

Theca interna and theca externa

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23
Q

What does the theca internal go on to do?

What happens to these?

A

Secrete oestrogen precursors

Converted to oestrogen by the granulosa cells

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24
Q

What forms in secondary follicles?

What does this fill with?

A

Antrum

Follicular fluid

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25
What are the very largest astral follicles called?
Graafian follicles
26
When the primary oocyte undergoes its first meiotic division, what does it produce?
Secondary oocyte | Polar body
27
When the secondary oocyte undergoes its second meiotic division, what does it produce?
Ovum | Polar body
28
What happens, in terms of follicles, one day prior to ovulation?
The oocyte in the largest graafian follicle will complete meiosis 1
29
What are the granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte referred to after a follicle ruptures?
Corona radiata
30
What does the follicle transform into after ovulation?
Corpus luteum
31
If no implantation occurs, what does the corpus luteum become?
Corpus albicans
32
what happens to the corpus luteum if implantation occurs? How? Why?
It is maintained Placenta secretes HCG which prevents its degeneration Maintains progesterone levels, which in turn maintains the pregnancy
33
What are 2 other names for the uterine tubes?
oviducts | Fallopain tubes
34
What does the infundibulum do in terms of follicular rupture?
Moves so that its opening is adjacent to where the follicle ruptures
35
Where does fertilisation of the ovum usually occur?
In the ampulla
36
Describe the epithelium in the ampulla?
Simple columnar epithelium with ciliated cells and secretory cells surrounded by smooth muscle
37
Describe the epithelium of the isthmus?
Secretory with few ciliated cells
38
How many layers of smooth muscle are in the ampulla?
2
39
How many layers of smooth muscle are in the isthmus?
3
40
What are the 3 layers of the uterus?
Endometrium Myometrium Perimetrium
41
What is the endometrium made up of?
Tubular secretory glands embedded in a connective tissue stroma
42
How many layers of smooth muscle make up the myometrium?
3
43
What is the perimetrium made up of?
Outer visceral covering of loose connective tissue covered by mesothelium
44
What are the 2 layers of the endometrium?
Stratum functionalis | Stratum basalis
45
What layer of the endometrium undergoes monthly growth, degeneration and loss?
Stratum functionalis
46
Which layer of the endometrium acts as the reserve tissue which regenerates the other layer?
Stratum basalis
47
What type of epithelium lines glands in the stratum functionalis of the endometrium?
Pseudo stratified columnar epithelium
48
What hormone causes glands in the stratum functionalis of the endometrium to proliferate?
Oestrogen
49
When does the proliferative phase of the endometrium continue until?
About 1 day after ovulation
50
What happens to glands in the endometrium during the secretory phase?
Become coiled and secrete glycogen
51
What happens during the menstrual phase to physically cause a period?
Arterioles in the stratum functionalis undergo construction, depriving the tissue of blood and causing ischaemia, with resultant tissue breakdown, leakage of blood and tissue sloughing
52
Describe the epithelium of the cervix?
Stratified squamous epithelium on vaginal surface, but transitioning to mucous secreting simple columnar epithelium
53
Where in the cervix is dyplasia and cervical cancer most likely to occur?
Transition zone
54
Describe the secretions from endocervical glands during the proliferative phase?
Thin and watery (allowing the passage of sperm)
55
Describe the secretions from endocervical glands after ovulation?
Thick and viscous (preventing the passage of sperm, or microorganisms)
56
What can form if the outlet from endocervical glands become blocked?
Nabothian cysts
57
4 layers of the vagina?
``` Non-keratinsed stratified squamous eptihelium Lamina propria Fibromuscular layer Adventitia ```
58
Describe the layers of smooth muscle within the fibromuscular layer of the vagina?
Inner circular | Outer longitudinal
59
How is the vagina lubricated?
Mucous from the cervical glands and fluid from the thin walled blood vessels of the lamina propria (no glands in the wall of the vagina)
60
What are the labia majora extension of?
The mons pubis
61
What are the labia minora rich in?
Vasculature | Sebaceous glands
62
What type of epithelium extends from the labia minora to the opening of the vagina?
Keratinised epithelium
63
Where is there transition from the keratinised epithelium of the labia minora to the non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium of the vagina?
At the level of the hymen
64
What is contained within the clitoris?
2 tubes of erectile vascular tissue (corpora cavernosa)

3rd Year - Reproduction (10 decks)

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