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3rd Year - Reproduction > Anatomy 11 - Anatomy of the Lateral Pelvic Wall and Pelvic Masses > Flashcards

Anatomy 11 - Anatomy of the Lateral Pelvic Wall and Pelvic Masses Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the membrane that covers the obturator foramen?

A

Obturator membrane

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2
Q

2 main pelvic ligaments?

A

Sacrospinous ligament

Sacrotuberous ligament

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3
Q

What muscle attaches between the sacrum and greater trochanter?

A

Piriformis

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4
Q

What muscle attaches between the coccyx and ischial spine/ sacrotuberous ligament?

A

Coccygeus

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5
Q

What muscle attaches between the obturator membrane, ischium and pubis and the greater trochanter?

A

Obturator internus

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6
Q

What nerve plexus is seen in the lateral pelvic wall?

A

Sacral plexus

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7
Q

Which branch of the common iliac is bigger - external iliac or internal iliac?

A

External iliac

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8
Q

Where do the majority of arteries of the pelvis and perineum arise from?

A

Internal iliac artery

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9
Q

Where do the gonadal arteries arise from?

A

L2 abdominal aorta

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10
Q

Where does the superior rectal artery arise from?

A

Continuation of inferior mesenteric

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11
Q

There is few anastomoses between pelvic arteries. True or false?

A

False - extensive anastomoses

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12
Q

At what level does the common iliac artery tend to split into the external and internal iliac arteries?

A

S5, L1

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13
Q

What does the internal iliac artery split into?

A

Anterior division

Posterior division

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14
Q

What does the posterior division of the internal iliac artery continue as?

A

Gluteal arteries

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15
Q

In the male, what arteries branch from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery? (5)

A

Obturator artery
Superior and inferior vesical arteries
Middle rectal artery
Internal pudendal artery

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16
Q

What artery branches from the inferior vesical artery in males?

A

Prostatic brach

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17
Q

What type of structures does the anterior division and the posterior division of the internal iliac artery tend to supply?

A 
Anterior = visceral
Posterior = parietal
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18
Q

What is the remnant of the umbilical artery?

A

Medial umbilical ligamnet

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19
Q

What is the inferior vesical artery replaced by in females?

A

Vaginal artery (females don’t have an inferior vesical artery)

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20
Q

What does the internal pudendal artery supply?

A

Perineum

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21
Q

What is the name of the only artery which passes through the obturator foramen?

A

Obturator artery

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22
Q

What forms the lateral umbilical fold on the internal aspect of the abdominal wall?

A

Inferior epigastric vessels

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23
Q

What forms the medial umbilical fold on the internal aspect of the abdominal wall?

A

Remnant of the umbilical artery

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24
Q

What forms the median umbilical fold?

A

Urachus (a fibrous foetal remnant)

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25
Q

What is the internal pudendal artery a continuation of?

A

Internal iliac artery

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26
Q

What does the perineal artery branch from in males?

A

Internal pudendal artery

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27
Q

What does the posterior scrotal artery branch from?

A

Perineal artery (-> internal pudendal artery)

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28
Q

What does the anterior scrotal artery branch from?

A

External iliac artery

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29
Q

What are the 2 main arteries of the penis?

A

Dorsal artery of the penis

Deep artery

30
Q

What are the dorsal artery of the penis and the deep artery branches from?

A

Internal pudendal nerve

31
Q

In the female, what arteries branch from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery? (5)

A 
Obturator artery
Superior vesical arteries
Uterine artery
Middle rectal artery
Internal pudendal artery
32
Q

What artery arises from the uterine artery in females?

A

Vaginal artery

33
Q

What is the inferior vesical artery replaced by in females?

A

Vaginal artery

34
Q

How does the inferior bladder get a blood supply in females?

A

The vaginal artery gives off branches to this

35
Q

What does the ovarian artery branch to?

A

Tubal branch

Ovarian branch

36
Q

Where do anastomoses occur between the arteries to the female pelvic organs?

A

Between the uterine artery and ovarian artery

Between the uterine artery and vaginal artery

37
Q

Apart from the vaginal artery, what other artery provides a blood supply to the vagina?

A

Internal pudendal artery

38
Q

What structure passes under the uterine artery?

A

Ureter

39
Q

What arteries branch from the internal pudendal arteries in females? (4)

A

Inferior rectal artery
Perineal artery
Labial artery
Dorsal artery of the clitoris

40
Q

What do the labial arteries branch from?

A

Perineal arteries

41
Q

How does venous drainage of the pelvis compare to the arterial system?

A

Follows it - named the same as the arteries

42
Q

What do the veins form a number of in the pelvis?

A

Venous plexuses

43
Q

What do the veins of the pelvis mainly drain to?

What are the 2 other options?

A

Internal iliac vein
Some will drain via superior rectal into hepatic portal system
Some will drain via lateral sacral veins into internal cerebral venous plexus
Gonadal veins drain into renal/ IVC

44
Q

Roots of the sciatic nerve?

A

L4-S3

45
Q

What does the sciatic nerve arise from?

A

Sacral plexus

46
Q

What nerve supplies the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

47
Q

Is the obturator or pudendal nerve more anterior?

A

Obturator

48
Q

Nerve roots of obturator nerve?

A

L2, 3, 4

49
Q

Nerve roots of pudendal nerve?

A

S2, 3, 4

50
Q

Apart from obturator, pudendal, sciatic nerve and the sacral plexus, what nerves are seen in the lateral wall of the pelvis?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

Nerves to levator ani

51
Q

Nerve to levator ani roots?

A

S3, 4, 5

52
Q

Name of main group of lymph nodes on the lower abdominal aorta/

A

Lumbar nodes

53
Q

Group of lymph nodes below the lumbar nodes?

A

Inferior mesenteric

54
Q

Name of lymph nodes on the common iliac arteries?

A

Common iliac

55
Q

Name of lymph nodes on the external iliac artery?

A

External iliac

56
Q

Name of lymph nodes that can be felt in the groin?

A

Superficial inguinal

57
Q

Name of lymph nodes on the sacrum?

A

Sacral

58
Q

Name of lymph nodes on the internal iliac arteries?

A

Internal iliac nodes

59
Q

Name of lymph nodes below the superficial inguinal nodes?

A

Deep inguinal nodes

60
Q

What is another name for the lumbar lymph nodes?

A

Para-aortic

61
Q

What lymph nodes does the superior pelvic viscera drain to?

A

External iliac nodes -> common iliac nodes -> aortic -> thoracic duct -> venous system

62
Q

What lymph nodes does the inferior pelvic viscera drain to?

A

Deep perineum -> internal iliac nodes -> common iliac -> aortic -> thoracic duct -> venous system

63
Q

What is the name of the lymph nodes located around the rectum?

A

Pararectal nodes

64
Q

What lymph nodes does lymph from the superficial perineum drain to?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

65
Q

Where does the thoracic duct drain to?

A

Left venous angle

66
Q

Is lymph drainage from the pelvis very specific?

A

No, there is lots of crossover = cancer can spread in any direction

67
Q

What lymph nodes does cancer in the ovaries and testes tend to spread to?

A

Lumbar (para-aortic/ caval) nodes

68
Q

What happens if cancer spreads through the peritoneal layer?

A

It can disseminate throughout the peritoneal cavity

69
Q

What artery is the dorsal artery of the clitoris a continuation of?

A

Internal pudendal artery

70
Q

4 branches of the internal pudendal artery in females?

A

Perineal artery
Dorsal artery of the clitoris
Inferior rectal artery
Labial artery

3rd Year - Reproduction (10 decks)

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