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3rd Year - Reproduction > Anatomy 1 - Clinical Anatomy of the Bony Pelvis > Flashcards

Anatomy 1 - Clinical Anatomy of the Bony Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of bony pelvis? (5)

A

Supports upper body
Transfers weight from vertebral column to femurs for standing and walking
Attachment site for muscles and external genitalia
Protection of pelvic organs, vessels, nerves and lymphatics
Passage way for childbirth

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2
Q

What does the bony pelvis consist of?

A

2 hip bones
Sacrum
Coccyx

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3
Q

What 3 bones fuse to form each hip bone?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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4
Q

What does the pelvic girdle consist of?

A

2 hip bones

Sacrum

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5
Q

Where do the 3 bones which make up the hip bone fuse?

A

Within the acetabulum

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6
Q

What runs between the anterior superior iliac spine and the posterior superior iliac spine?

A

iliac crest

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7
Q

What is formed at the fusion of the ischium and pubis?

A

Ischiopubic ramus

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8
Q

Name 2 features of the ischium that can be identified posteriorly?

A

Ischial spine

Ischial tuberosity

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9
Q

What is the name for the hole between the ischiopubic ramus and superior pubic ramus in a bony pelvis without ligaments attached?

A

Obturator foramen

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10
Q

What is the upper bony feature of the obturator foramen called?

A

Superior pubic ramus

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11
Q

What is the prominent forward-projecting tubercle on the upper border of the medial portion of the superior ramus of the pubis?

A

Pubic tubercle

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12
Q

What is the name for the lower border below the pubic symphysis?

A

Pubic arch

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13
Q

What ligament attaches between the ASIS and pubic tubercle?

A

inguinal ligament

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14
Q

What 4 bones/ bony features make up the pelvic inlet?

A

Sacral promontory
Ilium
Superior pubic ramus
Pubic symphysis

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15
Q

What 5 bones/ bony features make up the pelvic outlet?

A 
Pubic symphysis
Ischiopubic ramus
Ischial tuberosities
Sacrotuberous ligaments
Coccyx
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16
Q

What is the name for everything between the pelvic inlet and pelvic floor?
What is the name for everything starting at the pelvic brim?

A

True/ lesser pelvis

False/ greater pelvis

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17
Q

What does the pelvic cavity lie between?

A

Pelvic inlet and pelvic floor

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18
Q

What does the pelvic cavity contain?

A

Pelvic organs and supporting tissues

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19
Q

What part of the bony pelvis is palpable on vaginal examination?
What clock positions are these present at?

A

Ischial spines

Approximately 4 and 8 o’clock

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20
Q

Joints of the pelvis?

A

Sacroiliac joints
Hip joints
Pubic symphysis

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21
Q

What type of joints are the sacroiliac joints?

A

Synovial more anteriorly and fibrous more posteriorly (very rough division)

22
Q

What ligaments of the pelvis run between the sacrum and ischial spine?

A

Sacrospinous ligament

23
Q

What ligaments of the pelvis run between the sacrum and ischial tuberosity?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

24
Q

What is the purpose of the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments?

A

Ensure the inferior part of the sacrum is not pushed superiorly when weight is suddenly transferred vertically through the vertebral column e.g. when jumping or during late pregnancy

25
Q

What 2 foramina are formed from the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments?

A

Greater and lesser sciatic foramen

26
Q

What is the name of the hole between the ischiopubic ramus and the superior pubic ramus?

A

Obturator foramen

27
Q

What is the name of the gap in the obturator membrane on the obturator foramen?

A

Obturator canal

28
Q

What passes through the obturator canal?

A

Obturator nerve and vessels

29
Q

Is a fracture of the pelvis likely to be in isolation or multiple?

A

Multiple (or combined with joint dislocation)

30
Q

Which 4 parts of the bony pelvis are most likely to be fractured?

A

Pubic rami
Ala of the ilium
Acetabulum
Sacroiliac joints

31
Q

What is the biggest concern regarding trauma to the bony pelvis?

A

Life threatening haemorrhage and/ or damage to pelvic organs

32
Q

Is the diameter of a male or female pelvis larger?

A

Female

33
Q

Which sex has a wider subpubic angle?

A

Female

34
Q

Which sex has a more shallow pelvic cavity?

A

Female

35
Q

Which sex has thinner pelvic bones?

A

Feamle

36
Q

Shape of pelvic inlet in males?

A

Heart shaped

37
Q

Shape of pelvic inlet in females?

A

Round

38
Q

Is the sacrum and coccyx more curved inwards in males or females?

A

Males

39
Q

At what age approximately does the anterior fontanelle close?

A

About 18 months

40
Q

Name of the main fontanelles?

A

Anterior fontanelle
Posterior fontanelle
Lateral fontanelle (sphenoidal and mastoid fontanelles) X2

41
Q

Name of the suture between the parietal and occipital bones?

A

Lambdoid suture

42
Q

What is moulding?

A

The movement of one bone over another to allow the foetal head to pass through the pelvis during labour

43
Q

What is the name of the area of the foetal skull outlined by the anterior and posterior fontanelles and the parietal eminences?

A

Vertex

44
Q

Is the occipitofrontal or biparietal diameter longer in the foetal skull?

A

Occipitofrontal

45
Q

In what direction should the foetus enter the pelvic cavity?

Why?

A

Either facing right or left
In the foetal skull, the occipitofrontal diameter is longer than the biparietal diameter and at the pelvic inlet, the transverse diameter of the pelvis is wider than the AP diameter

46
Q

In which position should the foetal head be as it descends through the pelvic cavity?

A

Flexed i.e. chin on chest

Rotated

47
Q

In what direction should the baby leave the pelvic cavity?

Why?

A

In an occipitoanterior position (babies head facing bed)

At the pelvic outlet, the AP diameter is wider than the transverse diameter

48
Q

During delivery, what position should the foetal head be in?

A

Extension

49
Q

Once the baby’s head has delivered, what position should the baby’s body be delivered?

A

Rotated - one shoulder can be pulled out the vagina at a time

50
Q

What does the pudendal nerve supply?

A

Perineum

51
Q

When would you do a pudendal nerve block?

A

If doing a forceps delivery

52
Q

How do you do a pudendal nerve block?

A

Approach via vagina
Feel for ischial spine
Aspirate to ensure not in artery
Inject LA

3rd Year - Reproduction (10 decks)

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