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Repro > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two roles of the ovary?

A

Produce gametes and produce steroids

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2
Q

What tissues are in the medulla of the ovary?

A

Loose connective tissue, contorted arteries, veins, lymphatics and nerves

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3
Q

What tissues are in the cortex of the ovary?

A

Scattered ovarian follicles in highly cellular connective tissue with stromal cells and scattered muscle fibres.

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4
Q

What is the name of the group of arteries that enter the hilum from the broad ligament and supply the ovary?

A

Helicine arteries of the ovarian artery

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5
Q

what are the 2 outermost layers of the ovary?

A

Germinal epithelium (single layer cuboidal cells) sits on top of tunica albuginea (dense connective tissue) - outermost layers

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6
Q

Around what week do germ cells invade the ovaries and proliferate by mitosis to form oogonia?

A

Week 6

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7
Q

Define oogenesis

A

Development of oocytes from oogonia

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8
Q

Define folliculogenesis

A

Growth of the follicle

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9
Q

At 7 months in utero, approx. How many oogonia are present?

A

5,000,000

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10
Q

At birth how many oocytes are there that have developed from oogonia by meiosis?

A

1,000,000

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11
Q

By puberty how many follicles are there that have developed from primary oocytes?

A

500,000

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12
Q

What is atresia?

A

Loss of oogonia and oocytes by apoptosis

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13
Q

What happens before birth in terms of follicular developemt?

A

Meiosis begins in the oocytes but halts at Prophase I. If oocyte develops further than meiosis will restart, this restarts in puberty

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14
Q

What are the 5 forms of follicular development?

A

Starts as primordial follicle - then primary follicle - then late primary follicle - then secondary follicle - then mature graffian follicle

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15
Q

Which forms of follicle are pre-antral and which antral?

A

Pre-antral are primordial, primary and late primary and antral are secondary and mature graffian follicles

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16
Q

What happens to an oocyte if it fails to associate with pregranulosa cells in the fetal ovary?

A

It will die

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17
Q

What defines the change of primordial follicle into primary follicle?

A

Squamous pregranulosa cells becoming cuboidal granulosa cells (zona granulosa)

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18
Q

In follicular development the theca folliculi forms from what?

A

Stromal cells associating with the outside of the primary follicle

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19
Q

What is the name of the extracellular matrix layer that forms between the oocyte and granulosa cells in the primary follicle?

A

Zona pellucida

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20
Q

What changes occur in the primary follicle to become the late primary follicle?

A

Granulosa cell layer proliferates, inner stroma cells outside granulosa develop into theca interna and outermost stroma cells become theca externa

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21
Q

What layer formed in the late primary follicle will go on to secrete oestrogen precursors and where will these be converted?

A

Theca interna and will be converted to oestrogen by granulosa cells

22
Q

What changes occur in the late primary follicle to form the secondary follicle?

A

Antrum forms in granulosa cell layer and fills with follicular fluid and overall follicle enlarges with all cell layers proliferating

23
Q

When does the secondary follicle become the Graafian follicle?

A

When the first meiotic division has completed and antrum grows and cumulus oophorus forms

24
Q

What is the cumulus oophorus?

A

Cluster of cells that surround the oocyte in antral follicles

25
Q

What happens in the largest Graafian follicle one day before ovulation?

A

Oocyte in largest graafian follicle will complete meiosis 1 BUT will not produce two equal cells, will produce one cell called secondary oocyte and one tiny polar body that carries away the second nucleus to degenerate

26
Q

The secondary oocyte will begin second phase of meiosis but will stop at metaphase II. When will it complete meiosis to become a fully mature oocyte?

A

After ovulation and fertilisation

27
Q

What is the follicle stigma?

A

The bulging of the tunica albuginea that shows imminent rupture of the follicle

28
Q

What do the granulosa cells become known as after ovulation?

A

Corona radiata

29
Q

What happens to the follicle after ovulation?

A

Becomes corpus luteum with theca & granulosa cells secreting oestrogen and progesterone. If no implantation it becomes corpus albicans. If implantation HCG produced by placenta keep corpus luteum around for a while

30
Q

How does the ovum move down the uterine tubes after ovulation?

A

Peristalsis and currents created by ciliated epithelium

31
Q

What secretes nutrients for the ovum in the uterine tubes?

A

Secretory cells in epithelium

32
Q

Describe the layers of the ampulla of the uterine tube.

A

Mucosa is highly folded, lined by simple columnar epithelium with ciliated cells and secretory cells. Mucosa surrounded by smooth muscle

33
Q

How do the layers of the isthmus differ to that of the ampulla.

A

Lining epithelium is mostly secretory with few ciliated cells. 3 smooth muscle layers in isthmus as opposed to 2 in ampulla

34
Q

What tissues make up the endometrium of the uterus?

A

Inner secretory mucosa made up of tubular secretory glands embedded in connective tissue stroma

35
Q

What tissues make up the myometrium of the uterus?

A

3 layers of smooth muscle combined with collagen and elastic tissue

36
Q

What tissue makes up the perimetrium and what covers this?

A

Loose connective tissue and is covered by mesothelium

37
Q

What are the 2 layers of endometrium and their functions?

A

Stratum functionalis - grows and sheds during periods & stratum basalis regenerates the functionalis

38
Q

What happens in the endometrium during proliferative phase of ovarian cycle?

A

Stratum basalis proliferates and glands, stroma and vasculature grow to increase thickness of functionalis

39
Q

What happens in the endometrium during secetory phase of ovarian cycle?

A

Glands become coiled with corkscrew appearance and secrete glycogen

40
Q

What happens in the endometrium during menstrual phase of ovarian cycle?

A

Arterioles in stratum functionalis constrict causing ischaemia and tissue breaks down

41
Q

Describe the cell layers of the cervix

A

Mostly fibrous connective tissue covered by stratified squamous epithelium on vaginal surface. Transitions to mucous secreting simple columnar epithelium further up into uterus.

42
Q

What are the endocervical glands?

A

Furrows in the mucous secreting epithelium of cervix that secretes different mucous at different stages of menstrual cycle

43
Q

What is the name of the cyst caused by blockage of endocervical glands?

A

Nabothian cyst

44
Q

What are the four layers of vaginal tissue?

A

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium, lamina propria (connective tissue rich in elastic fibres and thin-walled blood vessels), fibromuscular layer (inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle) and adventitia

45
Q

Where does the vagina get its lubrication from?

A

Endocervical glands and fluid from thin-walled blood vessels in lamina propria

46
Q

How is growth of pathogenic bacteria inhibited in the vagina?

A

Commensal bacteria metabolises the glycogen and lactic acid

47
Q

Describe the tissues of the mons pubis

A

Skin with highly oblique hair follicles that overlies subcutaneous fat pad over the pubic symphysis

48
Q

Describe the tissues of the labia majora

A

Extensions of mons pubis rich in apocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands, small bundles of smooth muscle and hair follicles on outer surface only

49
Q

Describe the tissues of the labia minora

A

Thin tissue rich in vasculature and sebaceous glands that secrete directly onto skin surface. Keratinised epithelium extends into opening of vagina to hymen. Lack subcutaneous fat and hair follicles

50
Q

Describe tissues of clitoris

A

Contains two tubes of erectile vascular tissue (corpora cavernosa), covered by fibrocallgenous sheath covered by skin with rich innervation and thin epidermis

Repro (49 decks)

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