Anatomy Flashcards
What areas make up the false and true pelvis?
True pelvis made up of sacrum to pelvic symphises whereas false pelvis is everything inside pelvic inlet area before it gets to true pelvis or pelvic cavity
What is in the pelvic cavity? (4)
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus and superior part of vagina
What’s in the perineum?
Inferior part of vagina, perineal muscles, bartholin’s glands, clitoris, labia
What is the primary organ of reproduction in the female reproductive system?
Ovaries
What are the two pouches formed by the parietal peritoneum sitting on the pelvic organs in females and what is the one pouch in males ?
Vesicles-uterine pouch and recto-uterine pouch (pouch of Douglas) - females
Recto-vesicles pouch - males
How is fluid drained from the Pouch of Douglas?
Needle passed through posterior fornix of the vagina to drain - culdocentesis
What is the broad ligament & what is it attached to?
Double layer of peritoneum over the uterine tubes that extends between lateral uterus to lateral walls & floor of pelvis
What is the round ligament an embryological remnant of?
Embryological remnant of the gubernaculum
What is the round ligament attached to?
Attaches to lateral aspect of the uterus and then passes through deep inguinal ring to attach to the superficial tissue of the female perineum
WHat is the role of the broad ligament?
Role is to maintain uterus in midline position and contains within it uterine tubes and proximal part of the round ligament
What are the 3 layers of the uterus?
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
The most common position of the uterus is Anterverted (cervix tipped anterior to axis of vagina) and anteflexed (uterus tipped anterior to axis of cervix). Retroverted and retroflexed uterus is pathological. True/false?
False- its true most common is anterverted and anteflexed but retroverted and retroflexed is a normal anatomical variation
What zone is sampled in a cervical smear test?
Squamo columnar junction AKA transformation zone
What is the fimbriated (sweep the egg) opening of the uterine tube into the peritoneal cavity called?
Ostium
The funnelled part of the uterine tube after the ostium is called the infundibulum. The next longer part is the ampulla (fertilisation occurs here) and where it meets uterus is called the isthmus. True/false?
True
What is the difference between a bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy and a unilateral saplingectomy?
Bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy is bilateral removal of the uterine tubes and ovaries whereas unilateral salpinectomy is removal of one of the uterine tubes
Where do ovaries develop?
Posterior abdominal wall
What ligaments are attached to the ovaries and helped guide them from posterior abdominal wall to lateral wall position?
Ovarian ligaments which are continuation of round ligament of uterus
What are the four parts of the fornix?
Anterior fornix
Posterior fornix
And 2 lateral fornices
What are the adnexae?
Uterine tubes and ovaries
At which positions in the lateral fornix can you palpate the ischial spines and why is this clincally useful?
4 and 8 o clock
Useful for determining of foetus in labour and adminstering pudendal nerve blocks
What separates the pelvic floor from the perineum?
Pelvic floor muscle
What muscle makes up the majority of the pelvic diaphragm with its fasical coverings?
Levator ani
How does levator ani muscle provide continual support for the pelvic organs?
Its tonically contracted and reflexively contracts during situation of increased intra-abdo pressure
Levator ani is a skeletal muscle. What is its nerve supply?
Nerve to levator ani (S3,S4, S5)
fibres of pudendal nerve (S2,S3,S4)
What are the 4 points of the diamond shape of the perineum that makes up the urogenital triangle and anal triangle?
Pubic symphysis anteriorly, ischial spines laterally and posteriorly coccyx
What nerve are the muscles of the perineum supplied by?
Pudendal nerve
What is the perineal body and what is it’s function?
Bundle of smooth & skeletal muscle, collagenous and elastic tissue to which perineal muscles attach
Function is important to pelvic floor strength
What are Bartholin’s glands?
Greater vestibular glands at the posterior aspect of the opening of vagina and secrete lubricating fluid
What does the vestibule surround?
External uretheral orifice and the vaginal orifice