Hist: Connective tissue

Question 1

Characteristics of Connective tissue

Answer 1

not exposed to outside environment covered by epithelium

cells separated via extracellular matrix

Extracellular matrix is a gel like substance with embedded protein fibers
ECM in bone is mineralized
-carries O2, CO2, nutrients, and wastes

Question 2

Embryonic CT

Answer 2

contain pluripotent stem cells

Question 3

Adult CT types

Answer 3

Fibrous CT:
loose (areolar CT)
Dense regular
Dense Irregular

special CT:
adipose, catrilage, bone, hematopoietic

Question 4

Functions of CT

Answer 4

structural faramework of the body
Protection: dermis and bones
Supports and interconnects other tissues
Energy storage:adipose 
Transports
Defense against microorganisms

Question 5

Fibroblast cells

Answer 5

produce collagens, proteoglycans and glycoproteins

Question 6

Mesenchymal cells

Answer 6

connective tissue stem cells

Question 7

Chondrocytes

Answer 7

produce and maintain cartilage components

Question 8

Osteoblasts

Answer 8

produce bone components

Question 9

Hematopoietic stem cells

Answer 9

produce red blood cells and immune cells

Question 10

Type 1 collagen fibers

Answer 10

aligned and crosslinked to increase tensile strength

fibril alignment

lack of ascorbate lead to scurvey, weakens CT

abnormal collagen synthesis is the Ehlers Danlos Syndrome

Question 11

Amorphous Ground substance

Answer 11

Proteoglycans: chondrotin, heparan, keratin sulfates

Hyaluronan: link the proteoglycans together

Glycoproteins: cytokines
growthfactors
structural proteins

Extracellular proenzymes

Question 12

Cell ECM interactions

Answer 12

integrins 
syndecans
CD44 bind hyaluronan
growth factor receptors
cytokine receptors

Question 13

Embryonic Connective tissue characteristics

Answer 13

Rich in ECM
rich in mesenchymal stem cells (multipotent)
not as many collagen or reticular fibers
Wartons jelly in umbrical cord

Question 14

fibrous Loose connective tissue

Answer 14

more glycans than fibers

areolar: low density tissue with fixed and wandering cells
adipose: fat containing tissue
reticular: rich in reticular fibers, forms an open framework to create a supportive mesh work for holding free cells

Question 15

Fibrous dense connective tissue

Answer 15

more fibers than glycans

dense irregular CT: fibers are deposited in a random patttern ie dermis of the skin

Dense regular CT: fibers are deposited in a highly regular pattern i.e. tendons of muscles

Elastic Connective tissue: rich in elastin fibers

Question 16

Fixed loose areolar CT cells

Answer 16

fibroblasts
adipocytes
mesenchymal cells

Question 17

wandering loose areolar CT cells

Answer 17

macrophages
mast cells
leukocytes/lymphocytes
plasma cells

Question 18

loose connective tissue functions

Answer 18

support and bind other tissues, hold body fluids and defends against infection

found beneath membraneous epithelia and around BV, muscles, and nerves

Question 19

Adipose CT functions

Answer 19

abundant adipocytes and sparse ECM

provides energy and insulation
supports and protects organs:

found under skin around organs and within abdomen breasts and buttocks

Question 20

white fat

Answer 20

functions in energy storage, insulation and cushioning and hormone secretion

Question 21

brown fat

Answer 21

key thermogenic tissue, abundant in newborns, greatly reduced in adults

Question 22

Reticular Connective tissue

Answer 22

rich in reticular fibers

forms an open framework to create a labyrinth for holding free cells

found in liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes and spleen

meshwork houses blood cells and immune cells outside the blood and lymphatic vessels

Question 23

Dense irregular Connective tissues

Answer 23

large bundles of collagen fibers and few nuclei of fibroblasts irregularly packed

found in dermis of skin, capsules that surround internal organs
perichondrium and periosteum
fascia

Question 24

Dense regular CT

Answer 24

tightly bound regularly arranged collagen

fibroblasts are the principle cell type

resists pulling forces
poorly vascularized

wavy appereance not under tension

found in: tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses

dense fascia and joint capsules

Question 25

Elastic CT

Answer 25

high proportion of elastic fibers

allows recoil of tissue following stretching

found in the blood vessel walls, bronchiole tubes, lungs, ligamentum nuchae

Question 26

Marfans Syndrome

Answer 26

autosomal dominat disorder where elastin is weak

mutation in fibrillin-I gene, compotent of elastin fibers

targets cardiovascular system and ocular and skeletal systems

aneurysms and mitral prolapse,