Back Arthology

Question 1

Whiplash or Hyper extension Injury

Answer 1

Excessive stretching and tearing of the Anterior Longitudinal ligament

Question 2

Splinting action of Anterior Longitudinal ligament

Answer 2

whenever fracture of the Vertebral Column is suspected, (except cervical of hyper extension) patient should be kept in hyper extension at all times because the pull of the Anterior Longitudinal ligament will realign fragments of bones and prevent further injury of the spinal cord

Question 3

Herniation

Answer 3

Nucleus Pulposus through the Annulus Fibrosis

occurs posterolaterally where the annulus fibrosis receives no support from the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments

can suppress Spinal nerve roots, cauda equina and spinal nerves in the vertebral canal and intervertrebal foramina

most commonly occurs in L4/L5 and L5 and S1 where the discs are much larger and mobile

Question 4

Second number rule for herniation

Answer 4

for Cervical and lumbar regions: The vertebral level at which the prolapse occurs will affect the spinal nerve with the second number designation

prolapse C5/C6= a spinal nerve 6 affect, this exits at C5/C6 because there are 8 cervical spinal nerves

in Lumbar at L4/L5 will affect spinal nerve 5 (exits at L5 and S1) because lumbar spinal nerves exit the vertebral canal superior to the Inter vertebral disk.

Question 5

Atlantooccipital joint

Answer 5

Condyloid synovial joint between the atlas and the basilar occipital bone

• Anterior Atlantooccipital Membrane
• Tectorial Membrane
• Posterior Atlantooccipital Membrane

Question 6

Median Atlantoaxial Joint

Answer 6

Trochoid Synovial Joint between the anterior facet of the dens of the axis and the articular facet of the dens of the atlas

• Cruciate L: Superior Longitudinal Band, Transverse L of the atlas, Inferior longitudinal Band
• Alar L
• Apical L of the Dens

Question 7

Lateral Atlantoaxial Joint

Answer 7

Planar synovial Joint between superior and inferior articulating processes of the atlas and the axis

Question 8

Lumbosacral Joint

Answer 8

Compound Joint: symphysis and planar synovial

• Anterior longitudinal L
• Posterior Longitudinal L
• Ligamentum Flavum
• Iliolumbar L
• Intervertebral disk: annulus Fibrosis (tough outer part), Nucleus Pulposus (soft gelatinous inner portion)

4. Interspinous L. (absent)
5. Intertransverse L. (absent)
6. Supraspinous L. (absent)

Question 9

Vertebral Joints C1/C2

Answer 9

Compound synovial point (planar and trochoid)

Question 10

Intervertebral joints (C3-S1)

Answer 10

Symphysis

Question 11

Intervertebral joint (S5/Co1)

Answer 11

Symphysis

Question 12

Zygopophyseal Joint (C1-S1)

Answer 12

Planar Synovial