Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

501 Neuro > Higher Order Cortical Functions - Left and Right Hemisphere > Flashcards

Higher Order Cortical Functions - Left and Right Hemisphere Flashcards

1
Q

In general, language functions are lateralized to the __ hemisphere

A

Left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The left hemisphere is better at

A

Linguistic processing
Local processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The right hemisphere is better at

A

Paralinguistic processing
Facial recognition
Visuospatial processing
Global processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are split brain studies?

A

Studies that are performed on people that had the hemispheres split at corpus callosum to look at functions of the hemispheres
Split brain is typically done to treat epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Visual information presented to the left visual field goes to the ____ hemisphere

A

Right
Same for tactile information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do split brain studies reveal about L/R brain function?

A

Lateralized nature of brain function
Verbal processing of information in the left visual field is hard to verbalize because the information cannot cross over to the right side of the brain for lang production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How were hemispheric differences originally identified?

A

Experimental tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are dichotic listening tasks?

A

Different words are presented to both ears simultaneously
Expect the right ear to have an advantage because that will project information to the left hemisphere which is better at processing verbal information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Majority of auditory information is distributed to the ____ hemisphere

A

Contralateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What experimental tasks have a left ear advantage?

A

Identifying song/tune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What experimental tasks have a right ear advantage?

A

Identifying letters, words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Both hemispheres process local and global information but differ in ___

A

efficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Left hemisphere is faster processing ____ while right hemisphere is faster at processing ____

A

Left: local
Right: global

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Patients with left hemisphere lesions are slower at IDing ___ targets while those with right hemisphere lesions are slower at IDing ___ targets

A

Left lesion: local targets
Right lesion: global targets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Left hemisphere damage leads to

A

Aphasia
Associated with L MCA strokes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Left hemisphere damage effect on language

A

Impairment of language comprehension and production that affects all modalities of language (listening, speaking, reading, writing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is anomia?

A

From left hemisphere damage
Difficulty retrieving word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is apraxia?

A

Difficulty sequencing motor movements (motor planning/programming problem)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Right hemisphere disorders can be heterogeneous. What does this mean?

A

Don’t always display all the characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Right hemisphere disorders causes

A

Prosopagnosia: Difficulty IDing faces
Difficulty expressing (flat affect)
Prosodic deficit: montone, lack of prosody, miss differences from different stress (suprasegmental information)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Discourse deficits from right hemisphere disorder

A

Egocentric, verbose (using more words than needed), confabulate (trying to make sense of things)
Difficulty with turn taking

22
Q

Comprehension deficits with right hemisphere disorder

A

Inferencing deficits (focus on details, no big picture)
Difficulty with sarcasm, idioms, literal interpretations
Difficulty with figurative language

23
Q

What is hemispatial neglect?

A

Occurs with right hemisphere disorder
Difficulty attending to objects, people, body parts on contralateral side
Called left neglect

24
Q

Where does damage typically occur with hemispatial neglect?

A

Right paretial-temporal-occipital area

25
Q

What is egocentric hemineglect?

A

Related to own body

26
Q

What is allocentric hemineglect?

A

External to the person, representation of things outside them

27
Q

Does hemispatial neglect tend to recover?

A

Yes it tends to recover with time, not everyone recovers though

28
Q

What are constructional impairments?

A

Neglect left side when copying drawings
Turn 3D to 2D, crowd objects/letters, displace to right of page

29
Q

What is anosognosia?

A

Impaired awareness of deficits or how those deficits impact daily functioning
Inability to recognize that they have a problem

30
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for? When does it mature?

A

Restraint, Initiative, Order
20s

31
Q

What are the three surfaces of the frontal lobe?

A

Lateral
Medial
Orbitofrontal

32
Q

What is the lateral frontal lobe responsible for?

A

Movement

33
Q

What areas are part of the lateral frontal lobe?

A

Primary motor cortex
Premotor cortex
Supplementary motor cortex
Frontal eye fields

34
Q

The corticospinal system projects to

A

Medial and superior portion of precentral gyrus

35
Q

The corticonuclear system projects to

A

Lateral portion of precentral gyrus

36
Q

What is the function of the frontal eye fields?

A

Sends signals for eye movements
Saccades

37
Q

Flow of motor movement planning and sequences

A

Posterior cortex provides sensory information to frontal
Prefrontal cortex plans movements
Premotor cortex organizes movement sequences
Motor cortex produces specific movements

38
Q

If a movement is relatively simple, the ____ and ___ cortex execute the action

A

Motor

39
Q

If planning is required, the ____ cortices are involved

A

Prefrontal

40
Q

More concentration for movement leads to ___ areas of the brain being activated for planning and execution

A

More

41
Q

What areas are a part of the lateral frontal lobe?

A

Anything anterior to the motor areas

42
Q

What are the functions of the lateral frontal lobe- prefrontal cortex?

A

Planning and problem solving
Attention
Keeping track (WM) and organizing
Emotional control
Social cognition

43
Q

What are the causes of prefrontal cortex deficits?

A

Trauma, stroke, hydrocephalus, meningiomas, gliomas, infectious disorders, demyelinating disorder, degenerative diseases, psychological disorders, developmental disorders

44
Q

What is the orbitofrontal cortex responsible for?

A

Impulse control
Maintenance of a goal
Monitoring ongoing and socially appropriate behaviors
Evaluating emotional experiences
Comparing expected reward/punishment with actual reward/punishment

45
Q

Orbitofrontal damage leads to

A

Poor decision making
Impulsivity and disinhibition
Perseveration
Socially inappropriate/tactless
Impaired insight, empathy, and remorse

46
Q

The medial frontal cortex contains

A

Cingulate gyrus
Micturition

47
Q

What is the function of the anterior cingulate gyrus?

A

Part of limbic system
Connects emotional and cognitive, motivated attention

48
Q

What is the function fo the posterior cingulate gyrus?

A

Motivated movement

49
Q

What is the function of the micturition?

A

Sends signals to brainstem that the bladder is full

50
Q

What happens with medial cortex damage?

A

Psychiatric: depression, OCD, schizophrenia
Apathy: loss of motivation and reduced goal-directed activities
Akinetic mutism: don’t speak, no motivation for anything, apathetic

501 Neuro (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions