High Yield PTEeXAM Review Part 9 - 11 Flashcards
With CWD, how often are sound waves mitted and received?
Continuously
What is the shape of the normal tricuspid annulus?
Elliptical and Non-planar
The severity of functional TR is best determined by:
Tricuspid Annular Diameter
Which is the most sensitive echo sign of acute myocardial ischemia?
A. Decreased systolic wall thickening
B. Increased diastology wall thickness
C. Reduced endocardial excursion
D. Reduced epicardial excursion
E. Compensatory Hyperkinesis
A = Decreased Systolic Wall Thickening
Cleaning of TEE probes is performed by:
Gluteraldehyde Submersion
Increase in MPI (Myocardial Performance Index) from baseline implies what is occuring?
Worsening of systolic and diastolic dysfunction
Using the photo below, what is the formula for the myocardial performance index?
[A - B] / B
Is MPI (Myocardial Performance index) load dependent or independent?
Dependent
Whata is MPI in terms of:
IVCT
IVRT
ET
[IVRT + IVCT] / ET
What is a normal value of MPI?
< 0.35
What MPI would tell you that LV dysfunction exists?
>0.5
What is the formula for velocity of circumferential shortening?
FS / ET
What TV Valve Leaflets are seen in the modified bicaval view?
Near field = Posterior / Septal
Far field (Away from probe) = Anterior
Label Arrow 1
TG 2 chamber
TV leaflets
1 Posterior leaflet
2 Anterior or Septal
Label Arrow 2
TG 2 chamber
TV leaflets
1 Posterior leaflet
2 Anterior or Septal
Label 3
Anterior / septal leaflet in TV
Label 1
Tricuspid Valve TG 2 chamber
1 = Posterior Leaflet
Label 2
Tricuspid Valve TG 2 chamber
2 = Anterior or Septal Leaflet
Label 3
Tricuspid Valve
RV Inflow Outflow
3 = Anterior or Septal leaflet
Label 4
Tricuspid Valve
RV Inflow Outflow
4 = Posterior leaflet
Label 5
Tricuspid Valve
ME 4 chamber RV Focused
5 = Septal leaflet
Label 6
Tricuspid Valve
ME 4 chamber RV Focused
6 = Anterior or Posterior
Label 7
Tricuspid Valve
TG RV Basal View
7 = Posterior leaflet
Label 8
Tricuspid Valve
TG RV Basal View
8 Anterior leaflet
What improves lateral resolution?
Multiple focusing
What improves axial resolution?
Decreasing Spatial Pulse Length
What improves temporal resolution?
Higher frame rates
The myocardial performance index assesses what 2 things?
- LV Systolic Function
- LV Diastolic Function
What is the Fractional Area Change?
[EDA - ESA] / EDA x 100
What is a normal E’ value?
>10 cm/sec = Normal
What is an abnormal e’ value
<8 cm/sec
When can you say that E’ value is:
Load independent vs. Load dependent?
Load independent = Patients with diastolic dysfunction
Load dependent = Normal Patients
Is Vp load independent or load dependent?
Load dependent
What does dp/dt measure?
Systolic Function
What is dp/dt independent of?
What is dp/dt dependent of?
What is dp/dt independent on afterload
What is dp/dt dependent on preload
What is the best view for assessing myocardial performance index?
TG Deep LAX
To get a fractional shortening measurements, what can not be in the M-mode in the TG Mid Papillary View?
Papillary muscles
What is a normal Vp?
>50 m/sec
The embryological remnant of the sinus venosus in the heart is?
Crista Terminalis
What valve leaflets are seen in the mitral valve commissural view?
Left = P3
Middle = A2
Right = P1
What is seen at the arrows here?
What view is this?
Innominate vein
View = Upper Esophageal Aortic Arch LAX View
What is the fresnel zone of the ultrasound beam?
Beam starts to narrow before the focal zone
What are the 4 sequelae of Tetralogy of Fallot?
Septum is shifted anteriorly
- VSD
- Over-riding Aorta
- Pulmonary Obstruction
- Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
What is the distance between C and D?
Inter-trigonal distance Mitral Valve
The durations of the transmitral A vwave and pulmonary venous A wave reversal can be compared to estimate what?
LVEDP
Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressurer
