Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PTE Masters Ravi > Anatomic Variants and Pitfalls > Flashcards

Anatomic Variants and Pitfalls Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the Eustachian valve?

A

The eustachian valve (also known as the “valve of the inferior vena cava”) is a ridge of variable thickness in the inferior right atrium. It is a remnant of a fetal structure that directed incoming oxygenated blood to the foramen ovale and away from the right atrium.

Highly oxygenation fetal blood in the IVC goes directly to the coronaries via the Eusatchian valve thorough the fossa ovalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chiari networks can result in what?

A

Thromboembolic phenomenon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the Crista Terminalis thought to promote?

A

Atrial Tachyarrythmias

high density of adrenergic nerve fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Other than thromboembolic events, what are chiari networks also associated with? (Name 3)

A
  1. PFO
  2. Aneurysmal intraatriaal septum
  3. Atrial Arrythmias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the Thebesian Valve?

A

Valve of the Coronary Sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the problem with a prominent thebesian valve?

A

Problems with retrograde cardioplegia due to insertion of the cannula into the coronary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is another name for the Moderator Band?

A

septomarginal trabecula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is another name for the Coumadin Ridge?

A

A coumadin ridge, also called warfarin ridge or left lateral ridge, is a band-like embryological remnant in the left atrium between the left superior pulmonary vein and the left atrial appendage. The ridge contains the ligament of Marshall, autonomic nerve bundle, and small atrial or sinoatrial node artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the primary problem with Cor Triatriatum Sinister from a physiological standpoint?

A

LV inlet obstruction

“Mitral stenosis like physiology”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the primary problem with Cor Triatriatum Sinister from a surgical standpoint?

A

Open-chamber procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the primary etiology with Cor Triatriatum Sinister?

A

Failure of resorption of common pulmonary veins during embryogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which Cor triatriatum is more common:

Sinister or Dexter?

A

Sinister > Dexter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Label 1

A

1 Eustachian Valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Label 2

A

2 Septum Primum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Label 3

A

3 Septum Secundum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can be associated with lipomatous hypertrophy?

A

Atrial Arrythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the location of the fat that develops within the lipomatous hypertrophy?

A

Superior Interatrial Groove

AKA
Waterston’s Groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Identify the green structure

It’s “serpentine” and hypermobile on the echo clip

A

Chiari Network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where does the Chiari network originate from?

A

Eustachian Valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Are the chiari networks clinically significant?

A

No

but can be associated with PFO, Aneurysmal intraatrial septums or thromboembolic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the major echo differences from chiari network vs. eustachian valve

A

Chiari Network = Serpentine and Mobile

Eustachian valve = Thicker less mobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the Eustachian valve an embryological remnaant of?

A

Sinus Venosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Identify 1

A

1 Crista Terminalis

24
Q

Identify 2

A

2 Eustachian Valve

25
Identify 3
3 Coronary Sinus
26
How do you identify a secundum ASD vs. Sinus Venosus ASD?
Look at where the **Crista Terminalis is** *_Secundum ASD_* = Inferior / Caudad in reference to crista terminalis *_Sinus Venosus ASD_* = Superior / Cephalad in reference to crista terminalis
27
What is a secundum ASD Associatad with
1. Mitral Valve Prolapse
28
What is a sinus venousus ASD associated with?
*_Anomalous venous drainage*_ or _*anomalous venous return_*
29
What does the moderator band carry? ## Footnote *_What is the function of this?_*
Carries part of the RBB of the AV bundle of the conduction system to the **anterior papillary muscle** *_Function = Electrical shortcut across the chamber of the ventricle seems to facilittae conduction time, aallowing coordinated contraction of the anterior papillary muscle_*
30
What view is this? What is this structure?
TG RV inflow View Moderator Band
31
How many lobes is MOST common in the left atrial appendage?
2 lobes = 54%
32
What is at the arrow
False tendon
33
What is another name for False Tendon?
LV bands
34
Are these clinically significant?
No, They are false tendons (LV bands)
35
What is the estimated cutoff for **intraatrial aneurysm**? How would you obtain this?
**1.1 - 1.5 cm** In image, you see 2.9 cm which can be diagnostic for intraatriaal aneurysms
36
What are aneurysmal intraatriaal septums associated with?
1. PFO (50-89%) 2. Strokes
37
What is the prevalence of aneurysmal intertatrial septums?
1.0 - 2.2%
38
How much higher are aneurysmaal interatrial septum patients with PFO at risk for stroke compared to PFO alone?
3-5x higher
39
Omniplane at 0 degres and turned to the right: Label 1
Right Lower Pulmonary Vein
40
Omniplane at 0 degres and turned to the right: Label 2
Right Upper Pulmonary Vein
41
Label each arrow
See image
42
Label 1
Left Atrial Appendage
43
Label 2
Coumadin Ridge AKA Warfarin Ridge AKA Ligament of Marshall
44
Label 3
LUPV
45
What is the structure at the purple arrow?
Left Atrial Appendage Membrane
46
The probe was at 0 degrees and turned **LEFT**. What is this?
Left Lower Pulmonary Vein
47
Label 1
Right PA
48
Label 2
Transverse Sinus
49
Label 3
Aorta
50
What TEE view is this?
ME Ascending Aorta SAX
51
Can the oblique sinus be seen on TEE?
No
52
Label 1
**Lambl's excrescences** ## Footnote Lambl's excrescences are filiform fronds that occur at sites of valvular closure. They may be found without any other evidence of cardiac disease. They originate as small thrombi on endocardial surfaces where the valve margins make contact. These are the sites of minor endothelial damage, due to wear and tear.
53
What is at 1 on the Aortic Valve?
Papillary Fibroelastoma
54
Where are fibroelastomas seen in relation to the valve position?
**Downstream** Ex: LV side fo the MV and Aorta sie of the AV)
55
What is the crista supraventricularis?
*_Crista supraventricularis_* is a muscular ridge within the right ventricle of the heart. It is located between the tricuspid and pulmonic valves, at the junction of the **right ventricular anterior (free) wall and the interventricular septum.**

PTE Masters Ravi (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions