High Yield PTEeXAM Review Part 15 - 17 Flashcards
What does dp/dt require to assess LV systolic function?
MR jet with CWD
What is the most common site of LV aneurysm after MI?
Inferior wall = Most common
(Also in LV apex)
PISA method shown to calculate EROA is based on wha equation?
Continuity Equation
Using this picture below, what is our Aliasing velocity?
38 cm/sec
What is the greatest source of error in the PISA method for calculation of EROA is what?
Radius of the isovelocity shell
APISA = 2(pi)radius 2 x (Alpha Angle) / 180
When calculating PISA, in what direction do you want to shift the baseline?
(Towards or away the direction of flow?)
Shift baseline TOWARDS the direction of flow
What E’/e’ value would indicate elevated LV filling pressures with decreased EF?
E/e’ > 15
What E’/e’ value would indicate elevated LV filling pressures with normal EF?
E/e’ > 13
Draw what the eccentricity index looks like
Anterior - Posterior Diameter (numerator)
Medial - Lateral Diameter (denominator)
How does the eccentricity index change with RV failure from volume/pressure overload?
Eccentricity index will go up
What combination of ASD and VSD describes a transitional AV canal defect?
- ASD - Ostium Primum
- VSD - Restrictive Inlet
What defines a partial AV Canal? (Terms of ASD and VSD)
Ostium Primum ASD
NO VSD
What defines a Complete AV Canal? (Terms of ASD and VSD)
ASD (Ostium Primum)
+
VSD (non-restrictive)
What is at point “A”?
Isovolumetric Contraction TIme
What is indicated at the arrow?
Right Upper Pulmonary Vein in Sinus Venosus ASD
The RUPV drains into the SVC (Anomalous drainage)
Draw an EKG and then label:
- Atrial Systole and Diastole
- Ventricular Systole and Diastole
PR = Atrial Systole
QT = Ventricular Systole
How does a tricuspid annulus dilate from chronic volume overload?
(In what dimensions)
Septal-Lataral Dimensions
What is a normal absolute eccentricity index?
What is an abnormal absolute value?
Normal ~ 1
Abnormal > 1
The myocardial performance index measures what types of cardiac function?
Systolic and diastolic
What is the formula for Myocardial Performance index?
Isovolumetric Contraction Time + Isovolumetric Relaxation Time
Divided by
Ejection TIme
What view can you obtain Myocardial Performance Index
TG LAX
OR
Deep Transgastric 5 chamber
(You need to see both E/A waves from Mitral valve inflow and VTI from LVOT)
What is seen in the arrow in the image?
Refraction
What is snells law?
Sin (Angle) = V2 / V1 x (sin angle i)
What phase of LV inflow is circled?
What phasae of LV inflow haa the gray arrow pointed to it?
Circle = Rapid Filling Phase
Arrow = Atrial contraction (late filling)
What E / Vp ratio indicates increrase in LAP?
E / Vp > 2.5
What is labeled here?
Name view and structure
TG RV inflow Posterior Leaflet of Tricuspid Valve
