High Yield PTEeXAM Review Part 3, 4, 5

Question 1

Regarding strain and strain rate, is it angle dependent or angle independent?

Answer 1

Angle independent

Question 2

Regarding strain and strain rate, is it load dependent or angle independent?

Answer 2

Load independent

Question 3

Regarding speckle tracking, is it angle dependent or angle independent?

Answer 3

angle independent

Question 4

Regarding speckle tracking, is it load dependent or load independent?

Answer 4

Load independent

Question 5

What is seen here?

Answer 5

Membranous VSD RV Inflow Outflow

Question 6

Label Structure 1 and 2

Answer 6

TG 2 chamber Mitral Valve leaftlets

1 = Posterior Leaflet (Closest to the probe)

2 = Anterior or Septal

Question 7

What is structure Z?

Answer 7

Right Pulmonary Artery

Question 8

What is structure X?

Answer 8

Right Upper Pulmonary Vein

Question 9

What type of ASD is this?

What syndrome is associated with this type of ASD?

Answer 9

Superior Sinus Venosus ASD

Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Question 10

How do you tell the difference beteween a Sinus Venosus ASD vs. a Secundum ASD?

Answer 10

Proximity ot the Crista Terminalis (See image)

Question 11

What is the valve in the coronary sinus that can make placing a retrograde catheter difficult?

Answer 11

Thebesian valve

Question 12

What is seen here?

Answer 12

Ostium Primum ASD

Question 13

What is a Eustachian valve?

Answer 13

The eustachian valve (also known as the “valve of the inferior vena cava”) is a ridge of variable thickness in the inferior right atrium. It is a remnant of a fetal structure that directed incoming oxygenated blood to the foramen ovale and away from the right atrium.

Question 14

If you get MR from a Ostium Primum ASD, what is the etiology of the MR?

Answer 14

Cleft Anterior Mitral Valve Leaflet

*HIgh Yield per Tommy Burch*

Question 15

What is the etiology of Ostium Primum ASD?

Answer 15

Defect in Endocardial Cushions

Question 16

What is seen here?

Answer 16

Ostium Secundum ASD

Question 17

Patient was born with Ostium Secundum ASD. What is seen in the ME LAX view here?

Answer 17

Stray ASD closure device

Question 18

What % of Tetrology of Fallot Patients have right aortic arch?

Answer 18

25%

Question 19

With the anterior/rightward shift of the Septum in TOF, what are the 4 consequences?

Answer 19

1. VSD
2. Overriding Aorta
3. Pulmonary Obstruction
4. Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

Question 20

What walls are usually spared in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy?

Answer 20

Basal Inferolateral (formerly called the posterior wall)

Look at image

Question 21

Which ultrasound principle most likely predicts the bioeffects of ultrasound?

Answer 21

Intensity

Question 22

For a bubble study to evaluate for intraatrial connection, in how many beats would this have to be valid?

Answer 22

RA to LA in less than 5 beats with valsalva and agitated saline, bubbles must cross

Question 23

What is the advantgae of a variaance color map over a velocity color map?

Answer 23

Ability to detect turbulence in addition to direction

Question 24

When you are looking at a velocity color map, how do you draw the box?

Answer 24

BART

Blue = Away from transducer (bottom of box)

Red = Toward transducer (top fo the box)

Black line = No flow

Question 25

When you draw a variance color map, what side of laminara flow and what side of turbulent flow?

Answer 25

***_L_***eft = ***_L_***aminar flow Right = Turbulent flow

Question 26

What is the difference in non-imaging prboes vs. imaging probes concerning: **Backing material?**

Answer 26

*_Non-imaging*_ probles have _*NO backing_* materail **Imaging** probles have **backing** materail

Question 27

What is the difference in non-imaging prboes vs. imaging probes concerning: ## Footnote **Pulse Length?**

Answer 27

Non-imaging = Long Pulse Imaging = Shorter Pulse

Question 28

What is the difference in non-imaging prboes vs. imaging probes concerning: ## Footnote **Bandwidth?**

Answer 28

Non-imaging probe = Narrow Bandwidth Imaging Probe = Wider Bandwidth

Question 29

What is the equation for Quality Factor (Q)?

Answer 29

Main Frequency / Bandwidth

Question 30

What happens to the septal tricuspid leaflet in Ebstein Anomaly?

Answer 30

Apical Displacement of the septal tricuspid leaflet

Question 31

What is diagnostic for Ebstein Anomaly for distance between the insertion of anterior mitral leaflet and septal tricuspid leaflet?

Answer 31

\> 0.8 cm/m²

Question 32

What happens to the IV septum with ebstein anomaly?

Answer 32

Diastolic flattening of the IV septum

Question 33

What arrythmia is associated with ebstein anomaly?

Answer 33

SVT

Question 34

What is seen in the hepatic venous blood cycle during **atrial systole** with severe pulmonary hypertension?

Answer 34

Reversal of Hepatic Venous Blood during atrial systole

Question 35

What is seen in the hepatic venous blood cycle during **ventricular systole** with **severe TR**?

Answer 35

Reveral of Ventricular systole