HESI ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY URINARY SYSTEM

Question 1

Cortex

Answer 1

Outer portion of the kidney

Question 2

Medulla

Answer 2

Inner portion of the kidney

Question 3

Nephron

Answer 3

Microscopic structure in kidney that produces urine

Question 4

Peritoneum

Answer 4

Membrane surrounding abdominal cavity

Question 5

Retroperitoneal

Answer 5

Behind the peritoneum

Question 6

Genitourinary system

Answer 6

consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

vital to maintaining fluid, electrolyte and pH balance, activates vitamin D, helps to stimulate red blood cell development and removes toxins from the blood.

Question 7

Kidneys

Answer 7

Paired organs located behind the peritoneal membrane (retroperitoneal)

Bean shaped

Outer layer of the kidney consists of a layer of fibrous connective tissue called the renal capsule.

Located in the low back area and extend just below the ribs. They are behind the abdominal membrane (retroperitoneal).

Question 8

Inside of the kidney

Answer 8

divided into an outer cortical region (cortex) and an inner medulla. The medulla contains conical structures called renal pyramids.

Question 9

The Nephron

Answer 9

functional unit of the kidney is a microscopic structure called the nephron

consists of a renal tubule and a renal corpuscle

Question 10

renal corpuscle

Answer 10

is a spherical structure that consists of a capillary network called the glomerulus surrounded by a fibrous capsule called the glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule).

Question 11

capillary network

Answer 11

fed by an afferent arteriole

Question 12

Urine

Answer 12

flows from the collecting duct to the renal papilla, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder and urethra.

Question 13

3 processes of urine formation that all occur in the nephron.

Answer 13

Filtration occurs in the glomerulus and glomerular capsule. Substances move from higher to lower pressure and are sorted by size.

Question 14

Tubular reabsorption

Answer 14

occurs in the proximal and distal convoluted tubules and collecting duct.

Question 15

Aquaporin:

Answer 15

Transport protein located in the descending limb that transport water.

Question 16

Ascending Limb:

Answer 16

Thick segment of the nephron loop.

thick segment of the ascending limb inhibits the passage of water by diffusion and contains a series of active transport proteins that selectively move substance

Question 17

Descending Limb

Answer 17

Thin segment of the nephron loop.

contains a thin layer of epithelium that is more permeable to water than the thick portion of the ascending limb

Question 18

Isotonic

Answer 18

A solution that is the same concentration as body fluid.

Question 19

Hypertonic:

Answer 19

A solution that is more concentrated than body fluid.

Question 20

Hypotonic

Answer 20

A solution that is less concentration than body fluid.

Question 21

NKCC

Answer 21

Sodium, potassium, chloride, co-transporter protein that actively transports these substances out of the ascending limb.

Question 22

The Nephron Loop: Consist of two segments

Answer 22

descending and ascending segment each with different characteristics.

Question 23

Nephron loop assists

Answer 23

urine formation by transporting water and electrolytes in opposite directions (countercurrent mechanism), creating a hypertonic environment in the medulla

Question 24

Ureters carry

Answer 24

urine from the kidney to the bladder

Question 25

Ureters have

Answer 25

smooth muscle layer that is capable of producing peristaltic contractions that occur once every two to three minutes

Question 26

Urinary bladder

Answer 26

hollow organ that resides in the pelvic cavity.

Question 27

Male bladders contain

Answer 27

area of smooth muscle and elastic tissue called the internal urinary sphincte

Not present in female

function of this structure is to keep semen from entering the urinary bladder during intercourse

Question 28

male urethra consists of three parts.

Answer 28

prostatic urethra exits the bladder and extends to the inferior prostate gland.

Question 29

Micturition (urination)

Answer 29

a voluntary reflex that is under control of the parasympathetic nervous system.