HESI ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY RESPIRATION DISEASE

Question 1

Asthma

Answer 1

respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airway.

narrowing of the airway, inflammation and increased mucous production.

During an asthma attack - inflammation in the airways causes excess mucous, swelling and narrowing. There is also wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.

Question 2

Influenza

Answer 2

viral disorder that affects either the upper or lower respiratory systems or both

Influenza or flu can affect either the upper or lower respiratory systems or both

transmitted by tiny droplets in the air from an infected person and incubates for a few days before developing symptoms.

Influenza of the lower respiratory tract is usually more severe and can lead to pneumonia.

Question 3

Pneumonia

Answer 3

viral or bacterial infection characterized by fluid buildup in the lungs

caused by viruses or bacteria that result in fluid buildup in the lungs

Symptoms include fever, chest pain, cough, and difficulty breathing. Pneumonia is treated with either antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungal medications.

Question 4

Tuberculosis-

Answer 4

infectious bacterial disease of the lungs that can affect other parts of the body.

disease caused by a bacterium known as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that is spread through respiratory droplets by someone with active disease

medications to treat TB that target the bacterium and symptoms.

Question 5

COPD

Answer 5

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease consisting of bronchitis and emphysema that causes decreased gas exchange in the lungs.

Chronic bronchitis is a continuous inflammation of the bronchi with increased mucous production

symptoms can progress in severity and cause death.

Treatments for COPD begin with lifestyle changes and medications in early stages and can progress to the use of oxygen, and even surgery to remove damaged lung tissue.

Question 6

Tidal Volume

Answer 6

amount of air entering or exiting the lungs during resting breathing.

Question 7

Residual Volume

Answer 7

amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forceful exhalation.

Question 8

cause of asthma is unknown

Answer 8

some things in the environment can trigger an asthma attack.

Examples include cigarette smoke or other pollutants, things you may be allergic to like tree pollens, stress, infections, some medications, and exercise.