HESI ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Question 1

Deglutition

Answer 1

Swallowing of the food bolus

Question 2

Epiglottis

Answer 2

Prevents food from entering the respiratory system.

Question 3

Peristalsis

Answer 3

Contractions of muscle in the esophagus, moving food bolus through the gastric sphincter to the stomach

Question 4

Esophageal Sphincter

Answer 4

Prevents reflux of food back into the esophagus.

Question 5

Stomach

Answer 5

muscular organ located on the left side of the upper abdomen that receives food from the esophagus.

Question 6

Pancreas

Answer 6

• Large gland behind the stomach which secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum. Embedded in the pancreas are the islets of Langerhans, which secrete into the blood the hormones insulin and glucagon.

Question 7

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 7

Serves as a gateway between the stomach and the small intestine.

Question 8

Duodenum

Answer 8

duodenum is the first part of the small intestine. It is located between the stomach and the middle part of the small intestine, or jejunum

Question 9

Jejunum

Answer 9

The primary function of the jejunum is to absorb sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids.

Question 10

Illeum

Answer 10

The ileum absorbs any remaining nutrients that did not get absorbed by the duodenum or jejunum, in particular vitamin B12, as well as bile acids that will go on to be recycled.

Question 11

Deglutition

Answer 11

is the transport of a bolus of food or liquid from the mouth to the stomach.

Question 12

Ascending colon

Answer 12

first main part of the large intestine, which passes upward from the cecum on the right side of the abdomen

Question 13

Transverse colon

Answer 13

middle part of the large intestine, passing across the abdomen from right to left below the stomach.

Question 14

Descending colon

Answer 14

part of the large intestine that passes downward on the left side of the abdomen toward the rectum.

Question 15

Sigmoid colon

Answer 15

S-shaped last part of the large intestine, leading into the rectum.

Question 16

Rectum

Answer 16

the final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus

Question 17

Enzyme-

Answer 17

substance that chemically breaks down food

Question 18

gastrointestinal system (GI)

Answer 18

critical in maintaining a healthy body by eliminating waste and absorbing nutrients through a variety enzymes and hormone processes

Question 19

alimentary canal

Answer 19

long tube Extending from the mouth to the anus with some accessory organs attached.

contains smooth muscle that can produce a special contraction called peristalsis which consists of alternating contractions and relaxations that helps to move substances through the canaL

Question 20

alimentary canal consist of

Answer 20

mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, rectum and anus.

Question 21

accessory organs

Answer 21

tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder.

Question 22

Digestion begins in the

Answer 22

mouth

Question 23

3 sets of salivary glands

Answer 23

parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands

Question 24

Salivary glands

Answer 24

secrete mucous and the digestive enzyme salivary amylase into the mouth to start carbohydrate digestion

Question 25

bolus

Answer 25

food is chewed and formed into a small round structure

Question 26

The Stomach

Answer 26

enters the stomach at the cardiac region.

greater and lesser curvatures on the outside.

stomach lining consists of folds called rugae and a number of digestive substances are secreted to help break down food into a pasty substance called chyme.

Question 27

The Intestines

Answer 27

remaining substances pass through the remainder of the small intestine

Question 28

ileocecal valve helps

Answer 28

regulate the flow of substances into the large intestine

Question 33

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