HESI Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
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Which structure transports urine from the kidney to the bladder?
Ureter - A muscular tube that conveys urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder
What is the function of Bladder?
A muscular sac that stores urine until micturition
What is the function of Urethra?
A muscular tube that conveys urine from the bladder to the exterior
What is collecting duct?
The collecting duct transports urine from the distal convoluted tubule to the renal pelvis.
What is prostate part of?
The prostate is part of the male reproductive system and its secretions constitute about 20% of the semen.
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
The nervous system is divided into two parts, namely ___________ and ____________.
The central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
What is part of the somatic nervous system?
The somatic nervous system is a part of the peripheral nervous system.
What is part of the autonomic system?
The autonomic nervous system is a part of the peripheral nervous system.
The specialized junction from which nerve impulses pass from one neuron to the next is called a _______________________.
Synapse
Long bones
Description: Consists of a shaft and two extremities (epiphyses) which are covered by cartilage
Example: Femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulnar, radius, clavicle, phalanges, metacarpals, and metatarsals
Which type of bone has a diaphysis and two epiphyses?
Long bone
Short bones
Descroption: Cuboidal with similar length and width
Example: Carpals, tarsals
Irregular bones
Description: Irregular in shape
Example: Vertebrae, hip bone, sacrum, coccyx, maxilla, mandible, temporal bone, sphenoid bone, zygomatic bone, hyoid bone
Flat bones
Description: Thin and broad
Example: Sternum, ribs, scapula, occipital bone, parietal bone, frontal bone
Sesamoid bone
Description: Small bones within tendons
Exammples: Patella
Which of the following is not found in the vertebral column?
Vomer
Which of the following correctly describes the function of luteinizing hormone?
It stimulates the production of testosterone in males
Which of the following statements is incorrect about estrogen?
It stimulates ovulation
What is estrogen responsible for?
sex hormone responsible for the female secondary sex characteristics, such as:
Development of breasts
Widening of hips
Axillary and pubic hair
What is estrogen produce?
produced by the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle.
Which of the following is a function of a neutrophil?
Phagocytosis of bacteria
Which of the following structure-function is incorrectly paired?
Yellow bone marrow—Production of platelets
The bolus is formed in which part of the digestive system?
Oral cavity
Which of the following correctly describes chyme?
Partially digested food mixed with gastric juice
What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction?
Calcium binds to troponin and leads to the uncovering of the active site of actin
What is the function of the small intestine?
Absorption of nutrients
Which structure in the eye is responsible for color vision?
Cones
Which structure controls the activity of the endocrine system?
Hypothalamus
Which plane divides the body into left and right sides?
Sagittal
The left atrium receives blood from the ______.
Pulmonary vein - carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
The right atrium
moves blood to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve
The right ventricle
sends blood to the pulmonary artery through the pulmonary valve
Pulmonary Artery
Sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
The left atrium
moves oxygenated blood to the left ventricle through the mitral valve.
The left ventricle
pumps blood to the aorta through the aortic valves
The aorta
sends oxygenated blood to the body.
Which tissue has multinucleated striated cylindrical fibers and moves the body under voluntary control?
Skeletal muscle
Which is the most abundant nervous tissue?
Neuroglia
What are the several types of glial cells?
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglial cells
Ependymal cells
Schwann cells
Satellite cells
Which of the following glands is correctly paired with its hormone?
Pancreas-Glucagon
Where does erythropoiesis take place?
Red bone marrow
