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Hesii Exam A2 > HESI ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY SKELETAL SYSTEM > Flashcards

HESI ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Osteoblasts

A

synthesize bone matrix and coordinate the mineralization of the skeleton.

undergo mitosis and **secrete **a substance that acts as the framework for bone.

respond to certain bone forming hormones as well as from physical stress.

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2
Q

Osteocytes-

A

he longest living bone cell, making up 90–95% of cells in bone tissue

mature osteoblasts that cannot divide by mitosis.

reside in lacunae.

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3
Q

Diaphysis

A

is the hollow, tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone.

middle tubular portion

Where compact bone is located

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4
Q

Osteoclasts

A

The cells that degrade bone to initiate normal bone remodeling and mediate bone loss in pathologic conditions by increasing their resorptive activity.

capable of demineralizing bone.

free up calcium from bone and release it into the blood depending on the body’s needs.

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5
Q

Epiphysis-

A

The area of the long bone where bone growth takes place

The end tubular portion

contains the epiphyseal plate or growth plate.

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6
Q

Long bones: long longitudinal axis

A

Femur

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7
Q

Short bones: short longitudinal axis and are more cube-like

A

Carpal

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8
Q

Flat bones: thin and curved

A

Frontal Bone

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9
Q

Irregular bones: found in groups and have a variety of shapes and sizes

A

Veretbra

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10
Q

Sesamoid: bones are found in ligaments

A

Patella

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11
Q

Compact bone / cortical bone

A

Dense
Organized due to Haversian systems or osteons
Located along the lines of force and line up along the long axis of the bone

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12
Q

Cancellous / Spongy

A

looks more like a trabeculated matrix

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13
Q

Lamellae

A

Bone is deposited along concentric rings

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14
Q

Lacunae

A

small openings of the lamellae

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15
Q

8 bones of the cranium include:

A

Frontal
Occipital
Right and left Parietals
Right and left Temporals
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

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16
Q

Sutures

A

bones are held together by special joints

considered immovable and are composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

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17
Q

Sutures include

A

Sagittal suture—connects the parietal bones at the top of the skull. It lies in the sagittal plane.

Coronal suture—connects both parietal bones to the frontal bone on the top of the skull. It lies in a coronal plane.

Lambdoid suture—connects the occipital bone to the posterior portions of the parietal bones.

Squamosus suture—connects the parietal bones to the temporal bones

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18
Q

tuberosity

A

Rounded bump that has a more gradual slope.

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19
Q

styloid process

A

pointy process

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20
Q

trochanter

A

very large bump

Found in femure bones

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21
Q

condyle

A

large rounded process.

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22
Q

foramen

A

hole for arteries, veins and nerves.

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23
Q

sinus

A

hollow cavity within a bone.

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24
Q

frontal bone

A

located on the anterior-superior aspect of the skull

contains sinuses

25
Q

Supraorbital margin

A

passageway for blood vessels supplying the frontal sinus, eyebrow, and eyelid.

26
Q

parietal bones

A

paired bones that form the lateral margins of the cranium.

27
Q

occipital bone

A

located in the posterior region of the skull.

28
Q

foramen magnum

A

passageway for the spinal cord.

29
Q

Lordosis

A

spinal curve with the **convexity **of the curve anterior

30
Q

Kyphosis

A

pinal curve with the **concavity **of the curve anterior

31
Q

Hyperlordosis

A

increased lordotic curve

32
Q

Hyperkyphosis

A

increased kyphotic curve

33
Q

cervical spin

A

7 vertebraes
Atlas and Axis

34
Q

thoracic spine

A

12 vertebrae that articulate with ribs.

35
Q

lumbar spine

A

5 large vertebrae

36
Q

True Ribs

A

Ribs 1-7

attach directly to the sternum by way of their cartilage called costochondral cartilage.

37
Q

False Ribs

A

8-10 Ribs

their cartilage attaches to the cartilage of the true ribs.

38
Q

lordotic curve

A

having its convexity anterior

considered secondary curves because they develop after birth when humans begin to hold their heads up, sit up and walk.

39
Q

kyphotic curves

A

thoracic and pelvic curves
being concave anteriorly.
primary curves because they are present at birth.

40
Q

Floating Ribs

A

11-12

they have no connection to the sternum.

41
Q

sternum has 3 parts

A

Superior - manubrium,

Middle - Body

Inferior - xiphoid process.

42
Q

Sacrum

A

triangular bone

5 fused vertebrae

Inferior end is a small bone called the coccyx

43
Q

coccyx

A

Consists of another series of 3-5 very small fused vertebrae.

44
Q

tibial condyles

A

large rounded processes on the proximal aspect of the tibia

45
Q

patella

A

knee bone

46
Q

ankle and foot

A

tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges

47
Q

Tarsals:

A

Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Cuboid
Lateral cuneiform
Intermediate cuneiform
Medial cuneiform

48
Q

joints

A

Fibrous
Cartilagenous
Synovial

49
Q

Fibrous joints

A

held together by dense connective tissue.

skull, teeth, and ligaments

50
Q

Cartilagenous joints

A

are bones united by cartilage

discs and the symphysis pubis.

51
Q

Synovial joint

A

eely movable and encapsulated by a synovial membrane

contain fluid (synovial fluid) and cartilage on the ends of the bones.

52
Q

Ball and socket joints

A

onsist of a rounded process and rounded socket.

These include the hip and shoulder and allow for a variety of movements.

53
Q

Hinge joints

A

convex surface and concave socket

joint between the humerus and ulna as well as in some of the phalanges.

Hinge joints only move in one plane.

54
Q

Condyloid joint

A

oval processes fitting into elliptical sockets.

this joint is the metacarpal phalangeal joint.

55
Q

Gliding joints

A

onsist of flattened surfaces connected together

Include the carpal bones of the wrist.

56
Q

Pivot joints

A

consist of a cylinder fitting into a ring of bone.

between the atlas and axis of the spine and the joint between the radius and humerus.

57
Q

Saddle joints

A

two bones having both concave and convex surfaces

the carpal-metacarpal joint of the hand.

58
Q

Movements of Joints

A

Flexion humerus moving anterior in a sagittal plane.

Extension humerus moving posterior in a sagittal plane.

Abduction away from the body in a coronal plane.

Adduction is moving the humerus toward the body in a coronal plane.

Internal rotation is moving the humerus along its long axis toward the body.

External rotation is moving the humerus along its long axis away from the body.

Inversion is the movement of the foot so the sole of the foot points medially.

Eversion is the movement of the foot so the sole of the foot points laterally.

59
Q
A

Hesii Exam A2 (14 decks)

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