HESI ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Question 1

Endocrine gland-

Answer 1

gland that secretes hormones carried by the blood.

Question 2

Exocrine gland

Answer 2

gland that secretes hormones into ducts.

Question 3

endocrine system

Answer 3

Control Nervous system

series of glands that secrete hormones that cause changes in the body to keep the body’s systems in balance

Question 4

The endocrine glands include the

Answer 4

Pituitary
Pineal
Thyroid
Parathyroids
Thymus
Pancreas
Adrenals
Ovaries/testes

Question 5

Amines

Answer 5

derived from amino acids

synthesized in the adrenal medulla

Question 6

Peptides

Answer 6

short-chained amino acids found in the posterior pituitary gland and hypothalamus.

Question 7

Steroid

Answer 7

derived from cholesterol and are lipid soluble

transported in the blood

Question 8

Hormones can travel through

Answer 8

bloodstream, to nearby cells or even to other locations within the same cell.

Question 9

non-steroidal hormones

Answer 9

Hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary
Posterior pituitary
Parathyroid
Adrenals
Thyroid
Pancreas

Question 10

Hypothalamus

Answer 10

brain located anterior and inferior to the thalamus

Question 11

Pituitary gland-

Answer 11

pea-sized endocrine gland at the base of your brain

ocated outside of the brain in the sphenoid bone in an area known as the sella turcica

ascular network transports hormones that control the secretions of the anterior pituitary.

Question 12

2 step process for release of anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 12

1 is when the hypothalamus releases a hormone that travels to the anterior pituitary by way of the vascular network.

Step 2 is when the anterior pituitary releases its hormone.

Question 13

Growth hormone is secreted by

Answer 13

anterior pituitary in response to 2 releasing hormones secreted by the hypothalamus.

Question 14

Growth hormone promotes the

Answer 14

growth of body tissues

Question 15

Adrenocorticotropic hormone or ACTH

Answer 15

secreted by the anterior pituitary in response to corticotropin releasing hormone secreted by the hypothalamus.

helps to identify its function by its name

Question 16

adrenal cortex

Answer 16

responds to ACTH by releasing cortisol and aldosterone

Question 17

Cortisol

Answer 17

is a steroid hormone that helps to regulate blood glucose

Question 18

Aldosterone

Answer 18

works to increase the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys

helps with blood pressure regulation since retaining sodium also causes increased water retention

Question 19

Thyroid stimulating hormone or TSH

Answer 19

secreted by the anterior pituitary in response to thyrotropin releasing hormone secreted by the hypothalamus

Question 20

Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 20

both secreted by the anterior pituitary in response to gonadotropin releasing hormone secreted by the hypothalamus.

Question 21

females, FSH and LH

Answer 21

promotes the development of ovarian follicles

LH triggers ovulation

Question 22

males, FSH and LH

Answer 22

FSH supports sperm development,

LH stimulates the release of testosterone.

Question 23

Posterior pituitary hormones

Answer 23

play roles in fluid volume and childbirth.

Question 24

neurosecretory cells

Answer 24

long cells in the hypothalamus

extend into the posterior pituitary and release hormones there.

Question 25

ADH

Answer 25

secreted by the posterior pituitary in response to changes in blood solute concentration.

antidiuretic which means that it works to conserve fluid volume versus a diuretic which works to reduce fluid volume.

has an effect on the kidneys to promote the conservation of water

Question 26

oxytocin

Answer 26

plays a role in labor and delivery by stimulating uterine contractions.

It also works to promote release of milk by the mammary glands.

In males oxytocin may play a role in smooth muscle contraction such as during ejaculation.