HESI ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY - Integumentary System Flashcards
Epidermis
outermost layer, keeping your skin hydrated, producing new skin cells, and determining your skin color
Keratinocyte, Langerhan Cells, and Melancytes
The epidermis consists of stratified squamous epithelium arranged in layers or strata. The layers are
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
stratum corneum
most superficial layer of the epidermis
ells that have been hardened with keratin
stratum lucidum
Found only in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
provides an added thickness to these layers.
stratum granulosum
Contains cells that have lost their nuclei.
remain active and secrete keratin
contain granules in their cytoplasm that harbor keratin
stratum spinosum
prickle cells
small radiating processes that connect with other cells
Keratin is synthesized in this layer.
stratum basale
contains epidermal stem cells
deepest layer of the epidermis.
basal cell cancer develops.
Keratinocytes
divide rapidly and migrate from stratum basale to stratum corneum.
melanocyte
pigment melanin that gives skin its color.
located in the deepest portion of the epidermis and superficial dermis.
respond to ultraviolet radiation by producing more melanin pigment which turns skin a darker color
Vitamin D
aka cholecalciferol
synthesized when a precursor molecule absorbs ultraviolet radiatioN
functions to help the body absorb calcium
Eccrine
Sweat glands that are the most numerous and widely distributed over the body.
dermis
middle layer
Consists of loose connective tissue and houses a number of accessory structures of the skin
Connects to the epidermis by means of wavy structures called dermal papillae.
The dermis contains a variety of accessory structures of the integument. These include:
Hair follicles
Arrector pili muscles
Sweat glands
Sebaceous glands
Sensory receptors
Blood vessels
Hair Follicles/Sebaceous Glands
cells contain keratin for hardness and melanin for color.
Hairs can be very sensitive.
Arrector pili
capable of moving each follicle causing it to stand up in times of sympathetic nervous system activity such as emotional stres
hair bulb.
Hair begins to grow at the base of the hair follicle
There are 2 types of hair
**Vellus hairs **are the fine hairs located on much of your body’s surface.
Terminal hairs are thicker, more pigmented and are found on your head as well as genitals and axillary region.
sebaceous glands
ecrete an oily substance known as sebum.
Sebum
is secreted in response to contraction of the arrector pili muscle.
contains triglyceride, protein, cholesterol and some electrolytes
Sweat Glands
sudoriferous glands IS located in the dermis.
2 types of sweat glands
Apocrine
Eccrine
Apocrine sweat glands
secrete their substances into the hair follicles.
develop odor
secrete substances at puberty and are located in the axilla and genital regions.
Eccrine sweat glands
secrete their substances directly onto the surface of the skin
coiled tubular glands
PRMARY function is to help to regulate body temperature.
Nails
begins deep in the skin proximal to where it is seen at the nail matrix
portion of the superficial epidermis (stratum corneum)
Temperature Regulation
helps keep in heat produced by skeletal muscles and liver cells
Body temperature
primarily regulated by an area in the brain known as the hypothalamus
**hypothalamus **sets the body’s temperature and controls it by opening and closing sweat glands and contracting muscles.
hypothermia.
temperature continues to drop you may develop a condition
