HESI ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY - Integumentary System

Question 1

Epidermis

Answer 1

outermost layer, keeping your skin hydrated, producing new skin cells, and determining your skin color

Keratinocyte, Langerhan Cells, and Melancytes

Question 2

The epidermis consists of stratified squamous epithelium arranged in layers or strata. The layers are

Answer 2

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

Question 3

stratum corneum

Answer 3

most superficial layer of the epidermis
ells that have been hardened with keratin

Question 4

stratum lucidum

Answer 4

Found only in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
provides an added thickness to these layers.

Question 5

stratum granulosum

Answer 5

Contains cells that have lost their nuclei.
remain active and secrete keratin
contain granules in their cytoplasm that harbor keratin

Question 6

stratum spinosum

Answer 6

prickle cells
small radiating processes that connect with other cells
Keratin is synthesized in this layer.

Question 7

stratum basale

Answer 7

contains epidermal stem cells
deepest layer of the epidermis.
basal cell cancer develops.

Question 8

Keratinocytes

Answer 8

divide rapidly and migrate from stratum basale to stratum corneum.

Question 9

melanocyte

Answer 9

pigment melanin that gives skin its color.
located in the deepest portion of the epidermis and superficial dermis.
respond to ultraviolet radiation by producing more melanin pigment which turns skin a darker color

Question 10

Vitamin D

Answer 10

aka cholecalciferol
synthesized when a precursor molecule absorbs ultraviolet radiatioN
functions to help the body absorb calcium

Question 11

Eccrine

Answer 11

Sweat glands that are the most numerous and widely distributed over the body.

Question 12

dermis

Answer 12

middle layer
Consists of loose connective tissue and houses a number of accessory structures of the skin
Connects to the epidermis by means of wavy structures called dermal papillae.

Question 13

The dermis contains a variety of accessory structures of the integument. These include:

Answer 13

Hair follicles
Arrector pili muscles
Sweat glands
Sebaceous glands
Sensory receptors
Blood vessels

Question 14

Hair Follicles/Sebaceous Glands

Answer 14

cells contain keratin for hardness and melanin for color.
Hairs can be very sensitive.

Question 15

Arrector pili

Answer 15

capable of moving each follicle causing it to stand up in times of sympathetic nervous system activity such as emotional stres

Question 16

hair bulb.

Answer 16

Hair begins to grow at the base of the hair follicle

Question 17

There are 2 types of hair

Answer 17

**Vellus hairs **are the fine hairs located on much of your body’s surface.

Terminal hairs are thicker, more pigmented and are found on your head as well as genitals and axillary region.

Question 18

sebaceous glands

Answer 18

ecrete an oily substance known as sebum.

Question 19

Sebum

Answer 19

is secreted in response to contraction of the arrector pili muscle.
contains triglyceride, protein, cholesterol and some electrolytes

Question 20

Sweat Glands

Answer 20

sudoriferous glands IS located in the dermis.

Question 21

2 types of sweat glands

Answer 21

Apocrine
Eccrine

Question 22

Apocrine sweat glands

Answer 22

secrete their substances into the hair follicles.
develop odor
secrete substances at puberty and are located in the axilla and genital regions.

Question 23

Eccrine sweat glands

Answer 23

secrete their substances directly onto the surface of the skin
coiled tubular glands
PRMARY function is to help to regulate body temperature.

Question 24

Nails

Answer 24

begins deep in the skin proximal to where it is seen at the nail matrix
portion of the superficial epidermis (stratum corneum)

Question 25

Temperature Regulation

Answer 25

helps keep in heat produced by skeletal muscles and liver cells

Question 26

Body temperature

Answer 26

primarily regulated by an area in the brain known as the hypothalamus

**hypothalamus **sets the body’s temperature and controls it by opening and closing sweat glands and contracting muscles.

Question 27

hypothermia.

Answer 28

temperature continues to drop you may develop a condition