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LA Sx Ex 2- RUSVM > Hernias > Flashcards

Hernias Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five different anatomical hernia sites?

A 
Umbilical
Ventral midline
Lateral abdominal
Diaphragmatic
Caudal abdominal
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2
Q

What are the three categories of hernias?

A

Reducible
Incarcerated
Strangulated

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3
Q

What are the three anatomical hernia positions?

A

Ring
Sac
Contents

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4
Q

What is a true hernia?

A

Opening through a normal aperture

AKA indirect hernia

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5
Q

What is a false hernia?

A

Doesn’t contain a complete peritoneal sac, usually created by trauma or after breakdown of surgical entry
AKA direct hernias

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6
Q

What type of hernias are the most common equine hernias?

A

Usually they are true (indirect) hernias- pass through the vaginal ring into the vaginal tunic

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7
Q

Inguinal hernia

A

Intestinal contents within the inguinal canal

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8
Q

T/F: Unilateral congenital inguinal hernias are most common

A

TRUE

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9
Q

T/F: Congenital inguinal hernias in equine typically spontaneously regress around 3-6 months of age?

A

TRUE

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10
Q

When is a ruptured inguinal hernia seen?

A

4-48 hours after birth in foals

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11
Q

T/F: Inguinal hernias in adult equine are typically non-reducible

A

True

These are reducible in foals

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12
Q

What are some CS of a ruptured inguinal hernia?

A

Scrotal swelling
Testicle cool (vascular compromise)
Colicky stallion

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13
Q

What is the most common type/content of a ruptured inguinal hernia?

A

Distal jejunum and ileum are the most common

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14
Q

T/F: An inguinal rupture/non-reducible hernia is classified as an emergency surgery

A

TRUE

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15
Q

What is the sx procedure for an inguinal hernia?

A

Laparoscopic herniorrhaphy

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16
Q

What areas should be prepped when performing sx correction for an acquired inguinal hernia?

A

Inguinal region and ventral abdomen

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17
Q

What is the most common side in cattle for an indirect inguinal hernia?

A

Left side due to the increased pressure from the rumen

18
Q

What breed of cattle more commonly has indirect inguinal hernias?

A 
Beef breeds (Hereford)
Chronic problem in cattle
19
Q

How is an indirect inguinal hernia diagnosed in cattle?

A

Rectal palpation

20
Q

What is a classical characteristic of an indirect inguinal hernia in cattle?

A

Hourglass configuration

21
Q

T/F: Direct inguinal hernias in cattle are commonly due to trauma, have no side predilection, no hourglass appearance and is considered an emergency surgery

A

TRUE

22
Q

What is the most common type of hernia in the horse?

A

Umbilical hernia

Most of these are congenital

23
Q

When is it considered a “routine” umbilical hernia in equine?

A

When majority of foals with palpable defect at birth closes within 4 days

24
Q

How are umbilical hernias diagnosed?

A

Rectal palpation

Ultrasound

25
Q

What prognosis is expected from a thickened hernia ring?

A

Good prognosis for repair

26
Q

What prognosis is expected from a thin/indistinct hernia ring?

A

Potential increased complication

27
Q

What is the most common content in a umbilical hernia?

A

Ileum or small intestine

28
Q

T/F: Hernias <5cm diameter and reducible can be managed with conservative tx

A

TRUE

29
Q

When should sx treatment be considered for hernias?

A

Not spontaneously resolving by 4 months of age

Hernias>10 cm diameter

30
Q

Why should a hernia clamp not be used in foals?

A

Increases risk of infection and it is painful

31
Q

What is the preferred surgical treatment for an umbilical hernia?

A

Open herniorrhaphy

32
Q

What is the treatment of a strangulated umbilical hernia?

A

Celiotomy cranial to the ring followed by en bloc resection of lesion

33
Q

How long should a foal be confined to a box stall post herniorrhaphy?

A

30-45 days

34
Q

What are the five categories of umbilical hernias in calves?

A 
Uncomplicated hernias
Hernias with SQ infection/abscessation
Hernias w/ infection of umbilical remnant
Umbilical abscesses/chronic omphalitis
Urachal cysts/ruptures
35
Q

What is the most common birth defect in cattle?

A

Uncomplicated umbilical hernia (hereditary)

36
Q

Which type of cattle are more predisposed to umbilical hernias?

A

Dairy cattle

37
Q

What does a hernial sac in cattle most commonly contain?

A

Abomasum

38
Q

When can conservative treatment of a hernia be done in cattle?

A

Only when <5cm
Reducible
No hx/evidence of infection

39
Q

When should surgical intervention be considered in cattle?

A

> 5cm
any pathologic evidence
Open herniorrhaphy should be done

40
Q

What is the most frequently infected remnant post herniorrhaphy?

A

Urachus

41
Q

What is involved when omphalophlebitis extends cranially?

A

Liver

LA Sx Ex 2- RUSVM (17 decks)

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