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LA Sx Ex 2- RUSVM > Colic I > Flashcards

Colic I Flashcards

1
Q

How many anatomic bands does the ventral colon, pelvic flexure,dorsal colon and small colon have?

A 
VC: 4
PF: 1
DC: 3
SC: 2
Palpable bands=anatomical #-1
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2
Q

What is the #1 predisposing factor for equine colic?

A

Poor management

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3
Q

What is the order of the intestinal sequence?

A

RVC –> SF –> LVC –> PF –> LDC –> DF–>RDC –> TC (can’t feel)

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4
Q

Where are the two most common sites of impaction?

A

LVC and PF

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5
Q

If there is distention in the L flank, where is the distention most likely arising from?

A

LC

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6
Q

What kind of reflux will the small intestine produce?

A

Large volume, high pH

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7
Q

What kind of reflux will the LI produce?

A

No/small volume, low pH

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8
Q

What will you feel on rectal palpation if there is a a strangulating lesion in the small intestine/small colon?

A

Loop “sausages”

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9
Q

What will you feel on rectal palpation if there is a strangulating lesion in the large colon?

A

Balloon like

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10
Q

What time of the year are impactions most commonly seen?

A

In the fall, you will likely tx medically

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11
Q

What are the five most common areas of impaction?

A 
Pelvic flexure
Right dorsal colon
Transverse colon
Small colon
Gastric impaction
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12
Q

Where do sand impactions commonly occur?

A

Right dorsal colon

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13
Q

What is the primary tx for sand impactions?

A

Medical management by using psyllium

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14
Q

What is the medical treatment for feed impactions?

A

Fluid therapy- give them oral and IV fluids

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15
Q

What is the surgical treatment for feed impactions?

A

Pelvic flexure enterotomy

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16
Q

What are ascarid impactions precipitated by?

A

Deworming in the last 24 hours

these horses do poorly in surgery

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17
Q

What is an enterolith made up of?

A

Magnesium ammonium phosphate

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18
Q

What does it mean when an enterolith is triangular vs. circular?

A

Triangular: more than one
Circular: only the one

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19
Q

What is a LDD caused by?

A

Nephrosplenic entrapment (phenylephrine tx to cause splenic contraction allowing the colon to be released from the space)

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20
Q

What are majority of SI colic cases caused by?

A

Strangulating lesions (intestinal accidents)

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21
Q

What type of strangulating colic is commonly seen in the SI of older QH?

A

Strangulating lipoma

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22
Q

What is the treatment for a strangulating lipoma?

A

Exploratory celiotomy w/ resection and anastamosis

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23
Q

What is another name for the epiploic foramen?

A

Foramen of winslow

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24
Q

What are the boundaries of the epiploic foramen?

A

Caudate process of liver
Portal vein
Gastro-pancreatic fold

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25
Q

What is a common complication of surgical treatment of an epiploic foramen entrapment?

A

Portal vein tear

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26
Q

What portion of the GI system most commonly has a volvulus/torsion?

A

Large colon

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27
Q

What are risk factors for a volvulus/torsion?

A

Post partum mare
Diet change
Recent access to lush pasture

28
Q

What is the first thing that should be done when examining a colic patient?

A

Insert a NG tube- can be life saving!

29
Q

What medication can be used when initially assessing a colic horse?

A

Spasmolytics (Buscopan) or lidocaine

30
Q

What are palpable organs in the middle of the abdomen?

A

Aorta (dorsal)
Inguinal rings
Small colon

31
Q

What are palpable organs on the right of the abdomen?

A

Cecum, colon and right ovary

32
Q

What are palpable organs on the left of the abdomen?

A

Left kidney, spleen, left ovary

33
Q

What is an excellent diagnostic tool to evaluate the GI in real time?

A

US

34
Q

T/F: Nasogastric intubation is both diagnostic and therapeutic

A

TRUE

35
Q

T/F: spontaneous reflux is normal

A

FALSE- never give medication if this is occurring

36
Q

What are some complications of NG intubation?

A 
Iatrogenic epistaxis (hit the nasal turbinates)
Tube in trachea
37
Q

If there is copious amounts of net reflux where is the problem likely to be?

A

Small intestine (anterior enteritis, impaction, strangulation)

38
Q

What is the response to decompression if the problem was anterior enteritis or ileal impaction in terms of the HR and pain level?

A 
HR decreases
Pain relief (depression)
39
Q

What is the response to decompression if the problem was mechanical obstruction/strangulation in terms of the HR and pain level?

A

Persistent HR and pain

40
Q

Where should you perform an abdominocentesis?

A

Right of ventral midline, caudal to xyphoid (most ventral)

41
Q

What is the local block used when performing a cannula technique?

A

Carbocaine

42
Q

What is the TP and lactate levels of normal abdominal fluid?

A

TP < 2.0

Lactate < 2.0

43
Q

T/F: Normal abdominocentesis rules out the need for surgery

A

FALSE

44
Q

What is an NSAID given for colic pain management?

A

Flunixine meglumine

45
Q

What are some alpha-2 agonists given for colic pain management?

A

Xylazine, detomidine, romifidine

46
Q

What is an opioid given for colic pain management?

A

Butorphanol

47
Q

What is a spasmolytic given to horses for colic?

A

Buscopan (reserved for severe pain)

48
Q

What level should IgG be over in order to determine successful PT?

A

> 800

49
Q

What are the normal measurements of the umbilical vein, artery and artery/urachus combo on US?

A

Umbilical v.: <1 cm
Umbilical a: <1.3 cm
Arteries/urachus: <2.5 cm

50
Q

When is a foal colic case caused by the umbilicus surgical?

A

When the umbilicus is >2x the normal size

51
Q

What is the most common cause of newborn colic?

A

Meconium impaction

52
Q

What are some causes of colic in a 2-5 day old foal?

A

Ruptured bladder
Gastric ulcers
Enteritis

53
Q

What if a foal is painful after nursing, what would we commonly attribute that to?

A

Gastric ulcers

54
Q

Why do we not give alpha-2 agonists until 2 weeks of age?

A

These will decrease the overall cardiac output

55
Q

What is the treatment for meconium impaction?

A

Fleet enema

Warm soapy water, 4% acetylcysteine

56
Q

What is the term for ruptured bladder?

A

Cystorrhexis

57
Q

Where does a ruptured bladder typically show itself in a male vs. female foal?

A

Male: dorsal aspect of bladder
Female: urachal rupture

58
Q

What is the typical bloodwork for a ruptured bladder?

A

Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia

59
Q

What is noticed on the ECG of a foal with a ruptured bladder?

A

Tented T waves and potentially bradycardia because of hyperkalemia

60
Q

What should be the first thing done to treat a foal with a ruptured bladder?

A

Medically stabilize first, this patient has a very high K and that needs to be stabilized first

61
Q

What does K level over 5.5 mEq/L cause?

A

Muscle tremors and arrhythmias

62
Q

What is the ultrasonographic appearance of an intussusception?

A

Bulls-eye appearance

63
Q

What does excessive shortening of the mesentery predispose a horse to?

A

Volvulus

64
Q

Where does the volvulus twist from in the SI?

A

Twists at the root of the mesentery in a corckscrew formation

65
Q

What occurs secondary to pyloric stenosis from ulceration?

A

Gastric outflow obstruction

66
Q

What is the tx for gastric outflow obstruction?

A

Gastroduodenostomy

67
Q

What is the treatment for ascarid impaction?

A

SI enterotomy

LA Sx Ex 2- RUSVM (17 decks)

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