Bone Spavin/P1 Fractures Flashcards
What is a bone spavin?
DJD of distal intertarsal and tarso-metatarsal joints
What is one of the most common causes of hindlimb lameness?
Bone spavins
How many joint spaces make up the hock?
4
TMT, DIT, PIT, Tibiotarsal joint
Which joints on the hind limb communicate?
Tibiotarsal and the PIT (always)
DIT and PIT (sometimes)
TMT and DIT/PIT (never)
What surface of the hock is most commonly seen to have bone spavins?
Medial aspect of hock joint
What does poor conformation of the joint predispose the patient to?
Osteoarthritis
What is the term for when the cannon bone is more forward in the hindlimb?
Sickle hocked (Camped under)
What constitutes a grade 1 bone spavin?
Small osteophyte distolateral central tarsal bone
What constitutes a grade 2 bone spavin?
Small osteophyte proximal dorsolateral MTII
What constitutes a grade 3 bone spavin?
Medium osteophyte distomedial central tarsal bone
What constitutes a grade 4 bone spavin?
Large osteophyte proximal dorsolateral MTIII bone
What is the cause of a bone spavin and what breed are they commonly seen in?
Chronic repetitive compression, torsion and shear strains
Common in Western performance horses
What are some diagnostic procedures used for bone spavins?
Lameness evaluation:
- Palpate (medial aspect)- Church Hill Test, will abduct if painful
- Proximal limb flexion (spavin test) x90 sec
- block/rads
What are three advanced imaging techniques used for diagnosing bone spavin?
Nuclear scintigraphy (details cortical bone and stress fractures) Magnetic resonance imaging (examines soft and hard tissue in joints) Computed tomography
What are common IA injections given to treat bone spavins medically?
Corticosteriods, chrondroprotectives, autologous anti-inflammatories
What is the surgical treatment for bone spavins?
Ankylosis
What is the purpose of performing a cunean tenectomy?
Decreases rotational and shearing forces
What is the purpose of transarticular drilling in order to treat bone spavins?
the drilling of the joints will cause them to fuse
3 drill tracts at 30 degree diverging angles are created
What is a treatment for bone spavins that utilizes superheating and vaporizing of synovial fluid?
Laser facilitated ankyloses
This promotes partial ankyloses but less fusion of distal tarsal joints
What is a chemical treatment of bone spavins?
Ethyl alcohol facilitated ankylosis
Where do majority of P1 fractures occur?
Forelimb
Where should you perform the drilling for the P1 fractures?
Most proximal screw within 5 mm of sagittal groove
What is the salvage procedure for a P1 fracture?
Fetlock arthrodesis
Used when there is complete rupture of SDF, DDF and suspensory ligament
What is necessary post P1 fracture repair?
Strict stall rest in a 10x12 box, necessary
