Heredity/Genetics S2 Flashcards
Heredity *
The passing of traits from parent to offspring.
Genetics*
The study of how traits are inherited.
Punnett Square *
A diagram that predicts the way genes will be combined when passed from parent to offspring.
Trait *
The different forms of characteristics.
Allele *
The different forms of a trait that a gene might have.
Homozygous*
An organism with 2 alleles for 1 trait that are the same.
Pure Dominant*
The same genetic information for a trait from each parent that is made up of all dominant traits.
Pure Recessive*
The same genetic information for a trait from each parent that is made up of all recessive traits.
Heterozygous *
An organism with 2 different alleles for 1 trait.
Hybrid*
Different genetic information for a trait from each parent that is made up of a combination of a dominant and recessive trait.
Phenotype*
The way an organism looks as a result of its genotype; physical appearance.
Genotype *
The genetic makeup of an organism. It’s the combination of alleles that an organism gets from its parents.
An organism with one dominant and one recessive trait is said to be _______________.
Heterozygous
The physical appearance of an organism is the organisms (1)_____________ and the genetic makeup of an organism is the organisms (2)______________.
1 - Phenotype
2 - Genotype
What is it called when something is probably going to happen?
Probability
If we breed TT with Tt, what is the probability of receiving TT?
50%
What is a distinguishing quality that can be passed from one generation to another?*
Trait
The trait that appears.*
Dominant
If we breed TT with TT, what is the probability of receiving TT?
100%
What was the name of the father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
If we breed TT with tt, what is the probability of receiving tt?
0%
The trait that recedes into the background.*
Recessive
The genotype Rr means…
Hybrid or Heterozygous
What are the possible genotypes for dominant traits?
TT, Tt
In some breeds of rabbits, white fur is dominant to black fur. Two parents with white fur produce an offspring with black fur. To express black fur in its phenotype, what would the offspring need to have inherited from each parent?
The parents of the offspring would need to have a recessive allele for black fur, which means that they need to be heterozygous.
The characteristic of having dimples (D) is dominant to the characteristic of not having dimples (d). The cross is between a dimpled person and a non-dimpled person shown below. (Cross: DD x dd) What percentage of the offspring from this cross will most likely NOT have dimples?
There will be a 0% chance that the offspring will not have dimples.
What are the possible genotypes of an offspring from a Tt x tt cross?
Tt,tt
Brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue eyes (b). What is the probability of phenotypes that will result from a cross between 2 heterozygous brown-eyed parents?
75% Brown Eyes and 25% Blue Eyes
2 alleles are expressed in each trait. How many alleles will a person receive from each of their parents?*
They would get 1 copied allele from each parent.
Describe a situation in which a recessive trait would show in a person’s phenotype.*
A recessive trait would appear in the phenotype if it was a pure trait.
If both mom and dad have black hair, what is the chance that the offspring will have black hair?
High probability
