DNA & Cell Cycle Flashcards S2
What is DNA?
DNA is a molecule that contains the information that determines the traits that a living things inherits.
What are the Nitrogen Bases (just list the 4)?
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine
What are Chromosomes?
Chromosomes are one of the structures in the nucleus that is made up of DNA and protein.
What are genes?
Genes consists of a string of DNA that gives the cell information on how to make a specific trait.
What are chromatin?
Chromatin are chromosomes uncoiled and spread out in the nucleus (thread-like).
What are chromatids?
Chromatids are chromosomes condensed into rod-like structures that occur in pairs in the shape of an x.
What is the centromere?
Sister chromatids that are held together in place.
What is the cell cycle? Why is this cycle important?
The cell cycle is a cycle where eukaryotic cells are formed and then divide and form into new cells. It’s important because it’s needed for growth and to replace dead cells.
What is the Interphase?
The cell prepares for division.
What is G1 in the Interphase?
The cell grows and does its job.
What is S in the Interphase?
Chromosomes (DNA) are copied in the nucleus.
What is G2 in the Interphase?
Organelles are replicated.
What is Mitosis?
Forms 2 new nuclei in daughter cells each with a complete set of chromosomes.
What is Prophase?
Chromosomes condense into rod-like structures called Chromatids and the centrioles move to the opposite sides of the nucleus & the spindle fibers appear.
What is Metaphase?
Chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell and Homologous Chromosomes pair up.
What is Anaphase?
Chromatids separate and move to the opposite sides of the cells.
What is Telophase?
A nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes and the chromosomes unwind.
What is Cytokinesis?
Cells split their cytoplasm into 2 daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.
At what phases does mitosis begins and ends?
Bonus: At what phases doe the cell cycle begins and ends?
It begins with prophase and ends with telophase.
Bonus Answer: Interphase and Cytokineses
What is binary fission?
Binary fission is Prokaryotic cell division in which the cell splits into 2 separate parts. Each part has 1 copy of circular DNA.
How is cytokinesis different in an animal cell vs a plant cell?
In animals cells, the cell membrane is drawn in and pinches into 2. In plant cells, a cell plate forms and becomes a the cell wall.
Does mitosis take place in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic Cells
What is the purpose of mitosis?
Mitosis is hows Eukaryotic cells form new cells and it is needed to create genetically identical cells for growth and repair.
Describe daughter cells that result from the Eukaryotic cell cycle.
The daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell and each daughter cell will have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).
Describe the nucleotide base pairings.
Adenine - Thymine (Apple on the tree) - Mrs. Grunwald
Cytosine - Guanine (Car in the Garage) - Mrs. Grunwald
Also that G and C are curved letters and A and T are not curved.
(Ability to eat a Taco) - Dharani
(Cat behind the Gate) - Dharani
How many chromosomes does the human body have (usually)? How many pairs of chromosomes?
46 chromosomes, 23 pairs
How many chromosomes does each daughter cell have after cell division?
46 chromosomes
Where does DNA replication occur within a cell?
Nucleus
What is the full name for DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What would the other side of this DNA strand look like?
ACGTCGATCGATCG
TGCAGCTAGCTAGC
How many daughter cells are produced during the cell cycle?
2
Name the organelle that is only active during cell division. What does this organelle do?
Centrioles are only active during cell division. The centrioles organize the chromosomes before cell division, so that each daughter cell has the correct # of them. (These move to the opposite ends of the nucleus and this causes the spindle fibers to appear.)
Label each diagram according to which phase of Mitosis is being shown.
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1QAwaLmQ6USBIR9v5I6DQLi3cjA8wde1Age3msYncVBg/edit?usp=sharing
Image 1 - Anaphase
Image 2 - Telophase
Image 3 - Prophase
Image 4 - Metaphase
