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7th Grade Science > DNA & Cell Cycle Flashcards S2 > Flashcards

DNA & Cell Cycle Flashcards S2

1
Q

What is DNA?

A

DNA is a molecule that contains the information that determines the traits that a living things inherits.

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2
Q

What are the Nitrogen Bases (just list the 4)?

A

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine

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3
Q

What are Chromosomes?

A

Chromosomes are one of the structures in the nucleus that is made up of DNA and protein.

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4
Q

What are genes?

A

Genes consists of a string of DNA that gives the cell information on how to make a specific trait.

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5
Q

What are chromatin?

A

Chromatin are chromosomes uncoiled and spread out in the nucleus (thread-like).

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6
Q

What are chromatids?

A

Chromatids are chromosomes condensed into rod-like structures that occur in pairs in the shape of an x.

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7
Q

What is the centromere?

A

Sister chromatids that are held together in place.

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8
Q

What is the cell cycle? Why is this cycle important?

A

The cell cycle is a cycle where eukaryotic cells are formed and then divide and form into new cells. It’s important because it’s needed for growth and to replace dead cells.

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9
Q

What is the Interphase?

A

The cell prepares for division.

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10
Q

What is G1 in the Interphase?

A

The cell grows and does its job.

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11
Q

What is S in the Interphase?

A

Chromosomes (DNA) are copied in the nucleus.

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12
Q

What is G2 in the Interphase?

A

Organelles are replicated.

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13
Q

What is Mitosis?

A

Forms 2 new nuclei in daughter cells each with a complete set of chromosomes.

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14
Q

What is Prophase?

A

Chromosomes condense into rod-like structures called Chromatids and the centrioles move to the opposite sides of the nucleus & the spindle fibers appear.

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15
Q

What is Metaphase?

A

Chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell and Homologous Chromosomes pair up.

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16
Q

What is Anaphase?

A

Chromatids separate and move to the opposite sides of the cells.

17
Q

What is Telophase?

A

A nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes and the chromosomes unwind.

18
Q

What is Cytokinesis?

A

Cells split their cytoplasm into 2 daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

19
Q

At what phases does mitosis begins and ends?

Bonus: At what phases doe the cell cycle begins and ends?

A

It begins with prophase and ends with telophase.

Bonus Answer: Interphase and Cytokineses

20
Q

What is binary fission?

A

Binary fission is Prokaryotic cell division in which the cell splits into 2 separate parts. Each part has 1 copy of circular DNA.

21
Q

How is cytokinesis different in an animal cell vs a plant cell?

A

In animals cells, the cell membrane is drawn in and pinches into 2. In plant cells, a cell plate forms and becomes a the cell wall.

22
Q

Does mitosis take place in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic Cells

23
Q

What is the purpose of mitosis?

A

Mitosis is hows Eukaryotic cells form new cells and it is needed to create genetically identical cells for growth and repair.

24
Q

Describe daughter cells that result from the Eukaryotic cell cycle.

A

The daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell and each daughter cell will have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).

25
Q

Describe the nucleotide base pairings.

A

Adenine - Thymine (Apple on the tree) - Mrs. Grunwald
Cytosine - Guanine (Car in the Garage) - Mrs. Grunwald

Also that G and C are curved letters and A and T are not curved.

(Ability to eat a Taco) - Dharani
(Cat behind the Gate) - Dharani

26
Q

How many chromosomes does the human body have (usually)? How many pairs of chromosomes?

A

46 chromosomes, 23 pairs

27
Q

How many chromosomes does each daughter cell have after cell division?

A

46 chromosomes

28
Q

Where does DNA replication occur within a cell?

A

Nucleus

29
Q

What is the full name for DNA?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

30
Q

What would the other side of this DNA strand look like?

ACGTCGATCGATCG

A

TGCAGCTAGCTAGC

31
Q

How many daughter cells are produced during the cell cycle?

A

2

32
Q

Name the organelle that is only active during cell division. What does this organelle do?

A

Centrioles are only active during cell division. The centrioles organize the chromosomes before cell division, so that each daughter cell has the correct # of them. (These move to the opposite ends of the nucleus and this causes the spindle fibers to appear.)

33
Q

Label each diagram according to which phase of Mitosis is being shown.

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1QAwaLmQ6USBIR9v5I6DQLi3cjA8wde1Age3msYncVBg/edit?usp=sharing

A

Image 1 - Anaphase
Image 2 - Telophase
Image 3 - Prophase
Image 4 - Metaphase

7th Grade Science (17 decks)

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