Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Describe the Nucleolus

Answer 1

Dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that stores the materials that will be used to make ribosomes.

Question 2

Describe Nucleus Nickname and Function

Answer 2

Nickname: The Control Center
Function: Stores the DNA that has information on how to make all of the cell’s proteins.

Question 3

Describe the Ribosomes (State the Nickname & Function)

Answer 3

Nickname: Protein Factories
Function: The site where amino acids are hooked together to make proteins

Question 4

Describe ER (State Nickname & Function)

Answer 4

Nickname: Cell Delivery System
Function: Substance in the ER can move from 1 place to another within the cell.

Question 5

Describe Rough ER

Answer 5

Appears rough because it has ribosomes.

Function- Helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes.

Question 6

Describe Smooth ER

Answer 6

Appears because of no ribosomes.

Function: Makes fats or lipids

Question 7

Describe Golgi Complex

Answer 7

Nickname: The Packaging Center
Function: Processes and transports materials out of the cell (Also into the cell)
Appearance: Stack of Pancakes

Question 8

Describe Lysosomes

Answer 8

Nickname: Packages of Destruction
Function: Circular, but bigger than ribosomes
Only in Animal Cells

Question 9

Describe Mitochondria

Answer 9

Nickname: The Powerhouse
Function: Energy Formation
i. Breaks down food molecules to make ATP
1. ATP: Major fuel for all cell activities that require energy
2. Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 10

Describe Cytoplasm

Answer 10

The fluid in the cell and almost everything in it is collectively the cytoplasms.

Question 11

Describe Cell Membrane

Answer 11

All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane. The membrane acts as a barrier between the inside and the outside of the cell’s environment.

Question 12

Describe Chromosomes (With DNA)

Answer 12

A coiled structure of DNA and proteins that form in the Nucleus; Hereditary Material

Question 13

Describe Centrioles

Answer 13

Organelles that assist with cell division

Question 14

Describe Cytoskeleton

Answer 14

A web of proteins in the cytoplasm. Acts as both muscle and a skeleton.

Question 15

Describe Vesicles

Answer 15

Small sacs that surround the material to be moved into or out of the cell.

Question 16

Describe Large Vacuoles

Answer 16

Function: Stores water & other liquids
Ex: This makes lettuce crisp. When there is no water, the plant wilts.
Only in plant cells (animal cells have small ones)

Question 17

Describe Chloroplasts

Answer 17

Function: Traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell.
Green in color because of Chlorophyll, which is a green pigment.

Question 18

Describe Cell Wall

Answer 18

Function: Provides support and protection to the membrane.

Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells.