HENRY VII FOREIGN POLICY

Question 1

What was englands position in Europe 1485

Answer 1

• England avoided European wars due to domestic issues
• had lost all continental land except Calais
• no standing army
• vulnerable to Scotland/France
• needed good relations with Netherlands for cloth trade

Question 2

How was Henry’s relationship with France

Answer 2

• Henry vii spent most of teenage years in Brittany (in France) - duke Francis had looked after him, debt of honour to him
• french king wants to take over independent duchy of Brittany -> French King Charles wants to marry Anne of Brittany to get Brittany
• wants to support Bretons to remain independent (Yorkshire rebellion caused because he wants to raise troops to support Bretons) - if France controls all they will be very strong/pose threat
• french could claim perkin warbeck as true heir and supply him with troops/money
• Henry invaded France in autumn 1492 -> didn’t want to fight, start in autumn when weather conditions were poor
• treaty of etaples -> Charles agree to end support for perkin warbeck in return for being recognised as duchy of Brittany
• also earned annual pension (boosting revenue)

Question 3

What was the treaty of Redon

Answer 3

• henry agrees to provide support to Brittany if they are invaded by french

Question 4

What was Henry’s foreign policy aims

Answer 4

• avoid war
• national security
• secure the dynasty - marriage and recognition
• maintain/improve trade links
• gain allies

Question 5

What was the treaty of medina del campo

Answer 5

• Ferdinand/Isabella first joint monarchs of Spain, Catherine of Aragon promised to marry arthur
• 1499 they get married -> strong alliance with Spaniards, good dynastic connection

Question 6

How did Charles benefit from treaty of etaples

Answer 6

• Valois (France) and hapsburgs (holy Roman Empire) claiming land in Italy - 1494 charles viii invaded Italy

Question 7

What was Henry’s relationship with burgundy

Answer 7

• Margaret angry at him for killing her brother at battle of Bosworth
• Margaret backs warbeck 1493 -> Henry uses trade embargo to force her to stop supporting warbeck
• if burgundy doesnt get wool, wool merchants lose money, forced by economic sanctions to forget warbeck
• Henry prioritised dealing with pretenders rather than economic position of England -> caused huge economic problems in England for 3 years to get rid of warbeck

Question 8

What was Henry’s relationship between hre

Answer 8

• Maximilian Hapsburg (married to stepdaughter of Margaret of burgundy - Mary of burgundy, will inherit all burgundy) angry that Henry in alliance with Spain and made deal with french
• welcomes in warbeck and recognises him as rightful king of England to anger Henry
• Henry has to raise money and offer as loan to Maximilian - bribe to kick warbeck out

Question 9

What was Henry’s relationship with Scotland

Answer 9

• James marries warbeck to royal cousin
• James invaded England towards Yorkshire (hopefully lead to spontaneous uprising of Yorkist supporters), English don’t rise up (hate the Scottish as much as lancastrians)
• henry raises tax (causes Cornish revolt) to prepare armies -> neutralised Scotland by marrying his daughter Margaret to James

Question 10

What was treaty of Ayton

Answer 10

• 1497
• 7 year truce between England and Scotland
• Henry agrees to marry oldest daughter to James

Question 11

What was Henry’s relationship with Spain

Answer 11

• Phillip married Catherine’s older sister Joanne - went to Spain to claim throne after mothers death

Question 12

What was treaty of Redon

Answer 12

• 1489
• Henry promised 6000 troops to aid Brittany that they would pay back

Question 13

What was Magnus Intercursus

Answer 13

• February 1496
• ended trade embargoes between burgundy and England
• allowed English merchants to trade in Low Countries with preferential trade agreements
• if Margaret sheltered warbeck again she would loose her lands