COLLAPSE OF COLD WAR

Question 1

what happens at the end of the fall of the satellite states 1989

Answer 1

• november 1989 - velvet revolution, czechoslovakia
• december 1989 - malta summit
• december 1989 - uprising against communist dictator in romania
• january 1990 - ussr the only remaining communist of the estern bloc

Question 2

list the events of the fall of the berlin wall

Answer 2

• anger growing towards east german government - lack of freedom & restrictions
• 1987 - pressure from usa to get rid of berlin wall
• 1988 - conert in east berlin 300,000 attendees
• august 1989 - after hungary opens border with austria, east german government tries to prevent people from going
• september 1989 - protests begin in liepzig, october - protests grow to 70000 people weekly (encouraged protests in berlin and east german cities)
• november 1989 - egone krenz discusses how to stop the people leaving via hungary. agree to open border on 10th november 9am
• 9th november - gunter schabowski held a press conference, made the mistake of opening the border too early
• many flocked to the crossings
• harald jager (crossing guard) decides to open gates

Question 3

what happens at the middle of the fall of the satellite states 1989

Answer 3

• august 1989 - 1st non communist pm in poland since 1946
• september 1989 - hungary opens border with austria
• october 1989 - czechoslovakian and polish governments allow east germans to enter west embassies
• october 1989 - east german leader replaced
• 9th november 1989 - berlin wall comes down

Question 4

what happens at the beginning of the fall of the satellite states 1989

Answer 4

• december 1988 - ideology should play less important part in soviet foreign policy
• march 1989 - sinatra doctrine
• april 1989 - troops leave hungary
• june 1989 - free elections in poland

Question 5

list gorbachev’s summits and its outcomes

Answer 5

• november 1985 geneva - gorbachev and reagan meet for the first time
• october 1986 reykjavik - couldnt agree to give up sdi
• december 1987 washington - signed the inf treaty (first time actually destroy weapons)
• 1988 moscow - inf details resolved , reduction of warsaw troops, soviet forces leave afghanistan
  1989 malta - gorbachev and bush, marking end of the cold war
  1990 paris - cfe agreement signed, limits the non nuclear forces that warsaw pact and nato could have in europe
  1991 moscow - start 1 signed (nuclear weapons reduced by a third)

Question 6

why was sinatra doctrine necessary and what dangers were posed

Answer 6

necessary
- cost of arms in satellite states - contradicts glasnost
dangers
- loss of control

Question 7

why was glasnost necessary and what dangers were posed

Answer 7

necessary
- people should not need to fear the state
- propaganda in the west
dangers
- reforms could lead to criticism of communism and government
- commuism could be overthrown, west could take over

Question 8

why was perestroika necessary and what dangers were posed

Answer 8

necessary
- cold war draining the economy
- low standard of living was striking unrest
dangers
- economy worsened - not well executed /planned
- economy had been bad for 40yrs on tipping point

Question 9

what was the sinatra doctrine

Answer 9

freedom od choice for ussr states to make their own decions - cancels brezhnev doctrine

Question 10

list the opinions of gorbachev in the west and east

Answer 10

west
- nobel peace prize
- chamred us citizens
east
- giving away empire (not recieving anything back)
- went out to talk to the people 1985 - friendly and approachable

Question 11

what did glasnost and perestroika mean

Answer 11

glasnost - openness, freedom of speech, greater democracy
perestroika - restructuring, reform of economy