HEMOSTASIS Flashcards
function of the plasma proteins?
transport
antibodies
osmotic regulation
blood clotting
what are the types of plasma proteins based on the chart?
albumin
globulins
A1 lipoproteins
fibrinogen
globulins divided up into:
A1,A2, B1, antibodies
a2:
a2 glycoproteins
ceruloplasmin
prothrombin
B:
B1 lipoprotein
transferrin
plasminogen
antibodies:
IgA
IgG
ETC
what are the lipid transport proteins?
alpha 1 lipoprotein
beta 1 lipoprotein
what are the blood clotting proteins?
fibrinogen
plasminogen
prothrombin
what are the specific transporters?
transferrin
ceruloplasmin
the types of antibodies?
gamma globulins
• HDLs present in the blood at concentrations of 350-450 mg%
• 40-70% of the structure is lipid with remainder being apoprotein
• Functions:
o Scavenge cholesterol
o Donate apoprotein to VLDLs and chylomicrons
α1- lipoproteins
• LDLs present at similar concentrations to HDLs
• Huge size with molecular weight of up to 20 mil
• 80-90% of LDL is lipid with apoprotein as the rest
• Function:
o Lipid transport for FFA donation to tissues (particularly adipocytes)
β1-lipoprotiens
- Very large glycoprotein present in blood at concentrations of 300 mg%
- Precursor for fibrin which forms the mesh that hold clot together (function)
Fibrinogen
- Intermediate sized protein present at low concentration
* Precursor for fibrinolysin which dissolves clots (function)
Plasminogen (β)
- Small glycoprotein
* Precursor for thrombin, which is important in triggering fibrin mesh formation (function)
Prothrombin (β)
- Intermediate sized glycoprotein present at ~40 mg %
* Function: transport iron in blood
Transferrin
- Similar in size and concentration to Transferrin
* Function: copper transport
Ceruloplasmin
4 phases of hemostasis
vascular phase
platelet phase
coagulation phase
fibrinolysis phase
vasoconstriction, we see decrease in blood loss by lowering pressure? T/F
T
name this phase of hemostasis?
it also contains collagen, and contact with collagen stimulates platelets
ADP promotes more platelets to clump at the site and activate
plugs (loose clots) are not affected by anticoagulants (Heparin, Dicoumarol)
Platelet Aggregation
plugs (loose clots) are not affected by?
anticoagulants (Heparin, Dicoumarol)
these are located in the cel membrane that cause platelets to avoid endothelium
glycolipids
what regulates clot formation?
PAC
what produces thrombin?
prothrombin activator complex
what is the function of thrombin?
converts fibrinogen to fibrin mesh held H-bonds than modified by fibrin stabilizers via factor XIII
what affects clot formation?
vitamin K shortage
liver disease
hemophilia
what factors affect the different types of hemophilia?
type a - factor VIII
type b - factor IX
type c - factor IX
▪ “low platelets”
▪ Prolongs bleeding time
▪ Treatment consists of whole blood or platelet transfusions
Thrombocytopenia
Anti-thrombics
(aspirin)
▪ Prevent platelet aggregation by inhibiting thromboxane A2 synthesis (by inhibiting COX)
Anti-coagulants
▪ Heparin stimulates antithrombin III
▪ Warfarin (coumadin) inhibits vitamin K as an inactive analog and decreases clotting factors
Thrombolytics
▪ Dissolve clots
▪ Streptokinase, Urokinase and others break up clots which have formed
▪ Used to treat strike and others where clots have lodged in vessels
what breaks down clots?
plasmin for fibrinolysin
what activates plasmin?
TPA for digesting clot and triggers
what is prothrombin? what does it need and the factors that need this?
An α2 globulin made by the liver to form hard clots
vitamin K
factors 7,9,10
