HEMOSTASIS Flashcards

1
Q

function of the plasma proteins?

A

transport
antibodies
osmotic regulation
blood clotting

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2
Q

what are the types of plasma proteins based on the chart?

A

albumin
globulins
A1 lipoproteins
fibrinogen

globulins divided up into:
A1,A2, B1, antibodies

a2:
a2 glycoproteins
ceruloplasmin
prothrombin

B:
B1 lipoprotein
transferrin
plasminogen

antibodies:
IgA
IgG
ETC

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3
Q

what are the lipid transport proteins?

A

alpha 1 lipoprotein

beta 1 lipoprotein

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4
Q

what are the blood clotting proteins?

A

fibrinogen
plasminogen
prothrombin

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5
Q

what are the specific transporters?

A

transferrin

ceruloplasmin

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6
Q

the types of antibodies?

A

gamma globulins

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7
Q

• HDLs present in the blood at concentrations of 350-450 mg%
• 40-70% of the structure is lipid with remainder being apoprotein
• Functions:
o Scavenge cholesterol
o Donate apoprotein to VLDLs and chylomicrons

A

α1- lipoproteins

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8
Q

• LDLs present at similar concentrations to HDLs
• Huge size with molecular weight of up to 20 mil
• 80-90% of LDL is lipid with apoprotein as the rest
• Function:
o Lipid transport for FFA donation to tissues (particularly adipocytes)

A

β1-lipoprotiens

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9
Q
  • Very large glycoprotein present in blood at concentrations of 300 mg%
  • Precursor for fibrin which forms the mesh that hold clot together (function)
A

Fibrinogen

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10
Q
  • Intermediate sized protein present at low concentration

* Precursor for fibrinolysin which dissolves clots (function)

A

Plasminogen (β)

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11
Q
  • Small glycoprotein

* Precursor for thrombin, which is important in triggering fibrin mesh formation (function)

A

Prothrombin (β)

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12
Q
  • Intermediate sized glycoprotein present at ~40 mg %

* Function: transport iron in blood

A

Transferrin

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13
Q
  • Similar in size and concentration to Transferrin

* Function: copper transport

A

Ceruloplasmin

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14
Q

4 phases of hemostasis

A

vascular phase
platelet phase
coagulation phase
fibrinolysis phase

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15
Q

vasoconstriction, we see decrease in blood loss by lowering pressure? T/F

A

T

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16
Q

name this phase of hemostasis?

it also contains collagen, and contact with collagen stimulates platelets

ADP promotes more platelets to clump at the site and activate

plugs (loose clots) are not affected by anticoagulants (Heparin, Dicoumarol)

A

Platelet Aggregation

17
Q

plugs (loose clots) are not affected by?

A

anticoagulants (Heparin, Dicoumarol)

18
Q

these are located in the cel membrane that cause platelets to avoid endothelium

A

glycolipids

19
Q

what regulates clot formation?

A

PAC

20
Q

what produces thrombin?

A

prothrombin activator complex

21
Q

what is the function of thrombin?

A

converts fibrinogen to fibrin mesh held H-bonds than modified by fibrin stabilizers via factor XIII

22
Q

what affects clot formation?

A

vitamin K shortage
liver disease
hemophilia

23
Q

what factors affect the different types of hemophilia?

A

type a - factor VIII

type b - factor IX

type c - factor IX

24
Q

▪ “low platelets”
▪ Prolongs bleeding time
▪ Treatment consists of whole blood or platelet transfusions

A

Thrombocytopenia

25
Q

Anti-thrombics

A

(aspirin)

▪ Prevent platelet aggregation by inhibiting thromboxane A2 synthesis (by inhibiting COX)

26
Q

Anti-coagulants

A

▪ Heparin stimulates antithrombin III

▪ Warfarin (coumadin) inhibits vitamin K as an inactive analog and decreases clotting factors

27
Q

Thrombolytics

A

▪ Dissolve clots
▪ Streptokinase, Urokinase and others break up clots which have formed
▪ Used to treat strike and others where clots have lodged in vessels

28
Q

what breaks down clots?

A

plasmin for fibrinolysin

29
Q

what activates plasmin?

A

TPA for digesting clot and triggers

30
Q

what is prothrombin? what does it need and the factors that need this?

A

An α2 globulin made by the liver to form hard clots

vitamin K

factors 7,9,10