Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology > Heme > Flashcards

Heme Flashcards

1
Q

t(8;14)

A

c-myc + heavy chain of Ig

*Burkitt Lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

t(12;21)

A

ALL w/ good prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

t(9;22)

A

aka Philadelphia chromosome, BCR-abl

*CML and ALL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

t(14;18)

A

BCL-2 activation

*Follicular lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

t(15;17)

A

Retinoic acid receptor shut off

*APL (M3 type of AML)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

Cause: viral, radiation, drugs
BM: (dry tap) hypocellular, just lymphoid and fat cells
Labs: low reticulocyte count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis

A

Cause: EBV or CMV
Complication: splenic rupture (and Burkitt’s Lymphoma)
PB: Downey cell (reactive T lymphocyte)
LN: paracortical hyperplasia (bc T cells proliferating)
Serology: Monospot (heterophile Ab) test +ve for EBV (will be -ve for CMV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

A

Cause: c-Myc translocation (EBV assoc.)
Markers: CD19, CD20, CD10 and surface Ig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Follicular Lymphoma

A

Cause: BCL2 t(14;18)
Morphology: B cell tumor arising from germinal center w/ small or large cells and nodular or diffuse pattern
Markers: CD19, CD20, CD10
Complications: progression to DLBL (large diffuse is worst prognosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

HL (nodular sclerosis)

A

RS cell: lacunar
Most common HL (classical type)
Markers: CD15, CD30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

HL (lymphocyte predominant)

A

RS cell: popcorn
Variant HL
Markers: CD20, CD45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

HL (mixed cellular)

A

Cause: EBV assoc.
PB: eosinophils bc IL-5 secretion by RS cells
Classic type
Markers: CD15, CD30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

HL (lymphocyte depleted)

A

RS cell: bizarre
Elderly or HIV+ pt
Classic type
Markers: CD15, CD30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lymphoma Staging

A
  1. Single LN
  2. 2 LNs on same side of diaphragm
  3. LNs on both sides of diaphragm
  4. Disseminated to organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hairy Cell Leukemia

A

TRAP +ve
Markers: CD11c, CD103
BM aspirate: dry tap (hypocellular BM)
Biopsy: fried egg appearance, cells in reticulin
Spleen: red pulp infiltration = beefy red appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CLL

A

PB: smudge cells (crushed little lymphocytes)
Markers: CD19, CD20, CD23, CD43, CD5 (normally on T cells)
Complication: warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, AML/ALL, or DLBL (Richter transformation)

17
Q

Multiple Myeloma

A

Pathogenesis: cells producing cytokines that activate osteoclasts and inhibit osteoblasts = pathological fx’s
Electrophoresis: monoclonal IgG spike
BM: hypercellular (lymphocytes take over) = pancytopenia
Urine: Bence-Jones proteins (AL amyloid)
PB smear: rouleaux formation (IgG changes charge of RBCs)
Complication: infection, renal failure, restrictive cardiomyopathy

18
Q

CML

A

Cause: BCR-abl (Philadelphia chromosome) t(9;22)
ROS: itching after warm shower (bc of basophils)
PB: neutrophils, bands, basophils, metamyelocytes = left shift (low LAP score)
BM: hypercellular
Tx: Imatinib (Gleevec)

19
Q

Primary Myelofibrosis

A

Cause: JAK2 or MPL point mutation
Pathogenesis: megakaryocytes produce TGF-β and PDGF causing reticiulin fibers in BM
PB: poikilocyte, leukoerythroblasts (from spleen)

20
Q

ALL

A

Assoc. w/ Trisomy 21
Cause: t(12;21) and t(9;22)
BM: hypercellular, primitive cells w/ Lg nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and scanty cytoplasm
BALL: CD19, CD20, CD10; younger pt
TALL: CD2-8; adolescent boys (mediastinum)
Dx: TdT positive, PAS+

21
Q

Bad ALL prognosis

A

<2yo, teenager, males, Philadelphia chromosome, T-ALL, aneupoloidy, high WBC

22
Q

Good ALL prognosis

A

2-10yo, females, t(12;21), B-ALL, multipoloidy, low WBC

23
Q

AML

A

Cause: M3 type is t(15;17) - turns off retinoic acid receptor, t(8;21), and t(16;16) which has best prognosis
PB: Auer rods (MPO crystals), punched out nuclei
Complication: DIC
Tx: ATRA for M3 APL type
Dx: Sudan Black +ve and MPO+

24
Q

Dry taps

A

(Dry HAM)

  • Hairy cell
  • Aplastic anemia
  • Myelofibrosis
25
Q

Vitamin rule of 6’s

A

6 wks folate
6 months iron and iodine
6 years B12

26
Q

Normal MCV

A

80-100

27
Q

Normal MCHC

A

31-36%

28
Q

Normal Platelet count

A

150,000 - 400,000

Pathology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions