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1
Q

Granular casts seen when?

A

Acute tubular necrosis

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2
Q

Benign HTN causes what in arterioles

A

Hyaline arteriosclerosis

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3
Q

Etiology of renal artery stenosis?

A

Atheromatous plaque

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4
Q

Diagnostic test for renal artery stenosis?

A

Renal arteriogram

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5
Q

Acute renal failure s/p MI caused by what?

A

Ischemia leading to acute tubular necrosis

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6
Q

Papillary necrosis

A

Caused by chronic analgesics or ascending infection (pyelonephritis)

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7
Q

What other condition could pt w/ ADPCKD also have?

A

Berry aneurysm

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8
Q

Complication of acute pyelonephritis

A

Perinephric abscess

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9
Q

Etiology of kidney infection

A

Ascending infection

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10
Q

Renal problems caused by analgesics?

A

Papillary necrosis

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11
Q

What would prevent renal stones

A

Alkalinization of urine to increase solubility of uric acid

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12
Q

Alport Syndrome

A

Renal dysfunction, hearing loss, vision loss

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13
Q

What makes phylloides tumor malignant?

A

Mitosis >10/HPF

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14
Q

What to look for in pt presenting w/ Paget’s dz of nipple?

A

Underlying ductal carcinoma of breast

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15
Q

What causes PCOD?

A

LH:FSH > 3:1

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16
Q

Complication and etiology of chocolate cyst?

A

Complication: infertility
Etiology: endometriosis

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17
Q

Call-exner bodies seen in what condition that can lead to _____?

A

Granulosa theca tumor leading to increased estrogen (endometrial carcinoma, breast carcinoma)

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18
Q

Endometrial tissue in myometrium is called what?

A

Adenomyosis

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19
Q

Complication of leiomyoma?

A

Red degeneration (when they outgrow blood supply)

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20
Q

Etiology of CIN?

A

HPV

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21
Q

Most likely cause of pre-eclampsia?

A

Placental ischemia

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22
Q

Choriocarcenoma image

A

.

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23
Q

Complete mole contains what?

A

Empty ovum w/ 2 sperm

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24
Q

Pituitary tumor w/ decreased LH, FSH, and GH. Which level might remain nml?

A

ADH (bc its from posterior, usually spared)

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25
Q

Pt w/ GH adenoma what lab do you check?

A

IGF-1 (GH half-life is only like 20 mins)

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26
Q

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus caused by what

A

Pt taking lithium drugs

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27
Q

Complication of hypothyroidism

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

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28
Q

Lab results for Grave’s Dz?

A

TSI: high
TRH: low
TSH: low
T3/T4: high

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29
Q

Lab levels for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

A 
TRH: high
Prolactin: high
Cholesterol: high
TSH: high
T3/T4: low
GnRH: low
30
Q

MEN2A

A

Parathyroid hyperplasia
Pheochromocytoma
Medullary carcinoma of thyroid

31
Q

MEN2B

A

Pheochromocytoma
Medullary carcinoma of thyroid
Mucosal neuromas

32
Q

MEN1

A

Pituitary tumors
Pancreatic endocrine tumors (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome)
Parathyroid adenomas

33
Q

Neuroblastoma

A

Occurs in adrenals, or in sympathetic chain
- produces DA and HVA, catecholamines are secrete
Investigation: MIBG scintigraphy

34
Q

Osteopenic

35
Q

Achondroplasia

36
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)

A

Collagen defect

37
Q

Paget’s Dz (bone)

A

Osteoclast dysfunction

38
Q

What would you see in osteomyelitis

A

Sequestrum

39
Q

Location for giant cell sarcoma

40
Q

Location for Ewing’s sarcoma?

41
Q

Auto Ab’s in RA?

A

Anti-citruline protein Ab

42
Q

Osteosarcoma mutation

A

Rb gene mutation

43
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative Dz

44
Q

Pt has dilated eyes what is substance?

45
Q

Pt has pinpoint pupils what is substance?

46
Q

Hemotypanum is sign of what?

A

Basal skull fx

47
Q

Entry wound of GSW?

A

Abrasion ring

48
Q

Hemophilia A defect?

A

Factor VIII

49
Q

Heinz bodies

A

Denatured globin (G6PD)

50
Q

Multiple Myeloma

A

Lytic bone lesions

Amyloid made up of Ig light chains

51
Q

AML image

A

t(15;17) most common can also be t(8;21) or t(16;16)

52
Q

Complication of CML?

A

AML (blast crisis, blasts > 20%)

53
Q

Megaloblastic anemia (image), what is etiology?

A

Deficiency of folate (6 wks stores), or Vit B12 (6 yr stores)

54
Q

Anemia of chronic dz, pathogenesis?

A

Iron trapped in macrophages in BM (d/t hepcidin released in chronic inflammatory state) so cant be released to erythromycin precursors

55
Q

Complication of polycythemia vera

A

Congestion of blood vessels

56
Q

What can EBV cause?

A

Sporadic Burkitt’s Lymphoma, and HL

57
Q

Complication of APML (M3)

58
Q

Hairy cell leukemia (image)

59
Q

CML translocation

A

t(9;22) BCR-ABL aka Philadelphia chromosome

60
Q

Complication of recurrent transfusions

A

Hemochromatosis (leads to advanced atherosclerotic dz)

61
Q

Myelofibrosis of BM (image)

A

Tear drop cells (dacrocytes)

62
Q

Complication of BPH?

A

Hydronephrosis (can lead to pyelonephritis)

63
Q

Fried egg appearance

A

Prominent round nuclei w/ prominent nucleolus and large clear cytoplasm + lymphocytic infiltrate
*Dysgerminoma of Ovary, Medullary IDC of Breast, Seminoma of testes, Oligodendroglioma of brain

64
Q

Hypercalcemia sx’s

A

Bones (pain), stones (renal), abd groans (pn, n/v, constipation), psychic overtones (depression, fatigue, memory loss, psychosis)

65
Q

Sequelae of O2 therapy in RDS?

A
  • Retrolental fibroplasia d/t O2 toxicity and VEGF things

- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

66
Q

Potter sequence

A

Pathogenesis: Oligohydramnios d/t renal agenesis
ROS: pulmonary hypoplasia, altered fancies, positioning defects, breech presentation
*sequence

67
Q

Complication of congenital Rubella infection?

A

Patent ductus arteriosis (also ocular lesions, deafness)

68
Q

Galactosemia complication

A

Cataracts and MR

69
Q

Medulloblastoma

A

Tumor with small round blue cells

70
Q

Haptoglobin levels in all hemolytic anemias?

A

LOW haptoblobin

Pathology (14 decks)

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