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Pathology > GIT > Flashcards

GIT Flashcards

1
Q

Meckel’s Diverticulum Features

A

Cause: incomplete involution of vitelline duct
Morphology: all layers of GIT present (can have heterotropic pancreatic or gastric tissue present)
*Rule of 2’s

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2
Q

Meckel Diverticulum Conditions

A

Hemorrhage and peptic ulcer, SBO, diverticulitis, perforation, fistula

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3
Q

Celiac Sprue

A

Morphology: villous atrophy (flattening of brush border and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes
Serology: anti-tTG Ab (and anti-gliadin Ab, anti-endomysial Ab)
HLA genotype: HLA DQ2 and DQ8
Tx: reversal of changes after gluten free diet

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4
Q

Meconium Ileus

A

Infant w/ CF, thick mucus at mid-terminal ileum causing SBO

*endogenous

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5
Q

Gallstone Ileus

A

Stone >2.5cm lodges in terminal ileum, usually through cholecystoduodenal fistula, causing SBO
*endogenous

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6
Q

Hirschsprung Dz

A

Cause: absence of ganglion cells in Meissen or Auerbach plexus
Localization: rectum always affected
Morphology: dilatation and hypertrophy of the portion proximal to the aganglionic segment (distal well-appearing part is the aganglionic part)

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7
Q

Achalasia complication (condition)?

A

Squamous cell ca of esophagus, aspiration pneumonia

Investigation: manometry to check LES pressure

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8
Q

Diffuse Adenocarcinoma of stomach

A

Familial: E-cadherin mutation
Morphology: signet ring cells, no glands
Course: mets to ovaries as Krukenberg’s tumor
Appearance: linitis plastica (leather bottle)

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9
Q

Intestinal Adenocarcinoma

A

Risk: H.pylori infection
Course: gastritis w/ intestinal metaplasia, then neoplastic cells forming glands

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10
Q

Macrovesicular Steatosis

A

Large droplet: single fat vacuole displaces nucleus to periphery
Small droplet: multiple fat vacuoles (ETOH, malnutrition)

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11
Q

Microvesicular Steatosis

A

Multiple fine vacuoles, nucleus is CENTRAL (acute fatty liver of pregnancy, Reye syndrome, drugs)

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12
Q

Mallory Bodies

A

Intermediate keratin filaments

Non-specific to ETOH hepatitis

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13
Q

Wilson’s Dz

A

Etiology: accumulation of Cu2+
Morphology: fatty liver, hepatitis
ROS: basal ganglia w/ Cu and Kayser-Fleischer rings in eyes
Labs: 👇🏽 serum ceruloplasmin

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14
Q

Autoimmune Hepatitis

A

Type 1: Anti-liver/kidney/microsomal (LKM) Ab, Anti-nuclear Ab (ANA), and Anti-smooth muscle Ab (ASMA)
Labs: high IgG

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15
Q

Primary Biliary Cholangitis

A

Pathogenesis: Anti-mitochondrial Ab
Morphology: granulomatous destruction of medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts *(florid duct lesion)

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16
Q

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

A

Pathogenesis: P-ANCA
Association: chronic ulcerative colitis
Morphology: inflammation, fibrosis and dilation of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts
Labs: ERCP

17
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Pathogenesis: HFE gene mutation
ROS: micronodular cirrhosis, bronze DM, bronze skin, cardiomyopathy

18
Q

Toxic megacolon is a complication of what?

A

C. difficile (pseudomembranous colitis)

19
Q

Risk factor for pancreatic ca

A

Smoking

20
Q

Mallory-Weiss

A

Pathogenesis: repeated wrenching causing mucosal tear
ROS: painful hematemesis

21
Q

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

A

ROS: esophageal webs, glossitis, iron deficiency anemia causing koilonychia (thin/brittle concave nails) and splenomegaly
Complications: squamous cell ca of esophagus

22
Q

Sliding esophageal hernia associated with what?

A

GERD (Barrett’s esophagus and then eventually adenocarcinoma)

23
Q

Paraesophageal hernia associated with what?

A

mechanical obstruction like volvulus, etc.

24
Q

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

A

Risk: obese, DM (metabolic syndrome)
Morphology: macrovesicular steatosis
Labs: mild elevation of serum transferases

25
Q

Florid duct lesion

A

Lymphocytes and poorly formed granuloma surrounding a bile duct found in primary biliary cholangitis
Pathology: Anti-mitochondrial Ab

26
Q

Hepatic Adenoma

A

Risk: oral contraceptives, anabolic steroids

27
Q

GIST

A

Pathogenesis: cells of Cajal
Morphology: whorls and bundles of spindle cells
Marker: CD-117

Pathology (14 decks)

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