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Pathology > Forensics/Peds > Flashcards

Forensics/Peds Flashcards

1
Q

EtOH

A

Absorption: portal vein to liver/heart/lungs
Elimination: 90% liver, 5-10% urine
Acute effects: vasodilation, CNS depression, dieresis, fatty liver, trauma
Chronic effects: cirrhosis, pancreatitis, portal HTN, dilated cardiomyopathy, Korsakoff syndrome, oral/esophageal ca

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2
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A

ROS: mental and growth retardation, mid-facial hypoplasia, hypertelorism

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3
Q

Methanol

A

*aka wood alcohol (Formaldehyde - formic acid)

ROS: metabolic acidosis, blindness (10cc), death (200cc)

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4
Q

Isopropyl Alcohol

A

Acetone = CNS depression

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5
Q

Ethylene glycol

A

Aka Anti-freeze

ROS: confusion/agitation, anion gap metabolic acidosis, sz/coma, renal failure, death (100cc)

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6
Q

Cocaine

A

Mechanism: sympathomimetic, vasoconstrictive, hypertensive
Acute ROS: agitated delirium, dilated pupils, sz/coma, CP
Chronic ROS: dilated cardiomyopathy, pulmonary fibrosis, renal failure

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7
Q

Heroin

A

Aka Diacetylmorphine

ROS: pinpoint pupils, CNS depression, pulmonary HTN, tuberculosis, hepatitis, HIV

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8
Q

Blunt force to the chest

A

Rib/sternal fx, flail chest, pneumo/hemothorax, subcu emphysema, mediastinal injury, contusion, cardiac concussion, pericardial tamponade

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9
Q

Blunt force to the abd

A

Liver/spleen, duodenum, pelvis, hemoperitoneum

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10
Q

Blunt force to the spine

A

Cord contusion, fx/dislocation, C1, 2, 3 and respiration

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11
Q

Shaken Baby Syndrome

A

Diffuse axonal injury (tears axonal processes and small bv’s)

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12
Q

Entrance wound of d/t gunshot?

A

Abrasion ring

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13
Q

Signs of lightening strike

A

Lichtenberg figures, magnetization of metal objects, ruptured eardrums

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14
Q

Trisomy 21

A

Etiology: meiotic non-disjunction (assoc. w/ advanced maternal age)
ROS: flat facial profile, epicanthic folds, duodenal atresia, higher risk for leukemia, predisposed to dev Alzheimer’s

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15
Q

Turner Syndrome

A

.

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16
Q

Kleinfelter Syndrome

A

.

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17
Q

22q11 Deletion Syndrome

A

.

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18
Q

Malformations

A

.

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19
Q

Deformation

A

.

20
Q

Sequence

A

.

21
Q

Potter Sequence

A

.

22
Q

RDS of Newborn

A

.

23
Q

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

A

.

24
Q

Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)

A

.

25
Q

Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage

A

.

26
Q

Physiological Jaundice

A

.

27
Q

Pathological Jaundice

A

.

28
Q

Hemolytic Dz of Newborn

A

.

29
Q

Crigler-Najjar Dz

A

.

30
Q

Biliary Atresia

A

.

31
Q

Idiopathic Neonatal Hepatitis

A

.

32
Q

Dublin-Johnson Syndrome

A

.

33
Q

Rotor Syndrome

A

.

34
Q

Rubella Embryopathy

A

PDA

35
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Mutation: 3bp deletion in ΔF508 on chromosome 7 results in loss of phenylalanine residue
Lung: mucous plugs, infection, emphysema
Pancreas: mucus obstruction of ducts w/ cystic changes to distal ducts
ROS: steatorrhea, malnutrition, cough, nasal polyps, rectal prolapse
Dx: sweat test

36
Q

Phenylketonuria

A

Mutation: point mutation in PAH gene on chromosome 12 Deficiency: Phenylalanine Hydroxylase
ROS: brain damage, mental retardation, fair skin w/ blonde hair and blue eyes, mousy odor to urine
Tx: dietary restriction

37
Q

Galactosemia

A

Deficiency: galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase
Accumulation: galactose
ROS: hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, hypoglycemia, cataracts and MR
Tx: dietary restriction

38
Q

Common “Small, Round, Blue Cell” tumors of childhood

A 
Lymphoma/Leukemia
Medulloblastoma
Neuroblastoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Wilms Tumor
Ewing' s Sarcoma
39
Q

Neuroblastoma

A

Etiology: neural crest cells from adrenal medulla and/or sympathetic ganglia
Familial: ALK gene
Blueberry muffin baby: disseminate neuroblastoma w/ multiple cutaneous mets w/ deep blue discoloration of the skin
Biopsy: neutrophil, and Homer-Wright pseudo-rosettes (no lumen)
Dx: VMA and HVA in urine

40
Q

Nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor)

A

.

41
Q

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome

A

.

42
Q

Denys-Drash Syndrome

A

.

43
Q

Aniridia

A

.

44
Q

Retinoblastoma

A

.

45
Q

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

A

.

46
Q

Medulloblasgtoma

A

.

Pathology (14 decks)

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