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Biochemistry > Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

Neutropenia

A

Not enough neutrophils (happens after chemo, bone marrow transplant)

2 options: use G-CSF or GM-CSF

Better: G-CSF (b/c better outcome)

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2
Q

3 types of granulocytes

A

BEN

Basophil, eosinophil, neutrophils

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3
Q

Eosinophil

A

Treat parasites

Reduce severity of allergic rxns

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4
Q

Basophils (least common)

A

Big, dark stained granules

Heparin (prevent clots) and Histamine(promotes blood flow to tissues), kallikrein (attracts eosinophils)

Role in hypersensitivity reactions

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5
Q

Neutrophils

A

Most common granulocyte

Antimicrobial
Inflammation (pus)

Role in phagocytosis of bacteria/dead cells

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6
Q

Thrombopoesis

A

Making platelets

endomitosis–>megakaryocyte–>chopped up into platelets

Regulated by thrombopoietin

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7
Q

Thrombopoietin

A

Made in liver, stim. development of megakaryocyte

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8
Q

Deficiency in thrombopoietin leads to what?

A

Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)

This leads–>idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP)

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9
Q

Signs of “Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura(ITP)

A

Bruising

not enough platelets

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10
Q

Excess thrombopoietin=

A

Thrombocytosis

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11
Q

Stem cell facto (SCF) i.e. “c-kit ligand”

A

Made by fetal tissues

Increases responsiveness of stem cells to cytokines

Potential uses: for hematopoiesis and bone marrow transplants

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12
Q

HGF’s: hematipoietic growth factor (3)

A
  1. Colony stimulating factor (CSF)
  2. Erythropoietin and thrombopoietin (stim platelet production)
  3. Cytokines (interleukins)
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13
Q

Erythroid lineage (aka RBC)

A

“CFUs Produce Blood Precursors Of Reticulocytes & Erythrocytes

Pluripotent stem cell–>myeloid progenitor–>erythroid CFU–>mature progenitor–>

Proerythroblast–>basophilic erythroblast–>polychromatophilic erythroblast–>orthochromatic erythroblast–>reticulocyte–>erythrocyte

*=where EPO can stimulate

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14
Q

What leads to upregulating production of RBC’s and what can do this?

A
  • Hypoxia
  • Loss of blood

Using Erythropoietin (EPO)

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15
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A

Made in kidneys (90%)

Stimulates progenitor cells–>turns off inhibitors & increases cyclins and antiapoptotic proteins (Lance Armstrong)

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16
Q

Leukopoiesis

A

Making of WBC

17
Q

CSF

A

(CSF=colony stimulating factor)–>stimulates CFUs (colony forming units)

-speeds up neutrophil development

18
Q

Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs)

A

Can be moved to blood by chemotherapeutic drugs and hematopoietic growth factors

19
Q

Hematopoiesis is regulated by what 2 factors?

A

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs)

20
Q

Islands in bone marrow

A

Make blood cells and when done go into vein channels–>circulation

21
Q

Vascular niche

A

Where most of bone marrow is (center of long bone)

Marrow, stromal compartment

holds everything together

22
Q

Endosteal niche

A

Inner layer of bone (osteoblastic niche)

Area between bone and marrow

Have osteoblasts (make) and osteoclasts (Break)

23
Q

Where is the long-term storage of quiescent HSC’s?

A

Endosteal niche

24
Q

Niches

A

Differentiation occurs here. Will call in quiescent (parked) cell and make needed cells

Give physical support, allow signals inside

25
Q

Endothelial cells

A

Gatekeeper

Make growth factors and cytokines

Allows mature cells out

26
Q

Macrophages

A

Vacuum cleaners

27
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Make angiopoietin 1-upregulate differentiation

Thrombopoietin: neg regulator

28
Q

Osteopontin

A

Helps osteoblasts but negative effects on # of hematopoietic stem cells

29
Q

Types of Cells

A

Hematopoietic stem cells: can self-renewal (need to look at cell surface markers to identify)

Committed precursor cells: make myeloid or lymphoid

Maturing cells: come from committed precursor cells

30
Q

Erythroid CFU (colony forming unit)–>

A

RBC

31
Q

Megakaryote CFU (colony forming unit)–>

A

Platelet

32
Q

Granulocyte-macrophage CFU (colony forming unit)–>

A

Monocytes and neutrophils

33
Q

Basophil CFU (colony forming unit)–>

A

basophil

34
Q

Eosinophil CFU (colony forming unit)–>

A

eosinophil

35
Q

Lymphoid stem cell–>

A

T and B cells

36
Q

Why use CFU’s? (colony forming unit)

A

Allows body more specificity

You can have specific things that act on these units

Biochemistry (41 decks)

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