Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemistry > Blood Cell Immunology > Flashcards

Blood Cell Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Cytokines

A

Small proteins secreted by many cell types

Mediate inflammation, immunity and hematopoiesis

Can act via endocrine, paracrine, autocrine

Have multiple functions depending on the cell type which they bind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cytokines of Innate Immunity are divided into 2 classes:

A

Pro-inflammatory cytokines: stimulate inflammation

Anti-inflammatory: inhibit inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chemokines

A

(certain kind of cytokine) Are small protein chemoattractants that are used in trafficking of immune cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Macrophage secretes cytokines

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

IL-6 effects

A

Local effects

Lymphocyte activation and increased antibody production→ fever (liver cells)

Strongest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Leukocytosis

A

WBC count ABOVE normal range

Due to normal response of bone marrow to infection or inflammation:
-Trauma, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever, thyroiditis, acute stress

In some instances, leukocytosis is a sign of a more serious primary bone marrow disease (Chronic Myelocytic Leukemias, CML)

Due to infections or inflammatory processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Average life span of a WBC

A

11-16 days

Leukocyte remains in circulation and tissue for how long before it dies? Only a few hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Leukopenia

A

Reduction in circulating WBC count (less than 4000/uL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Eosinophils

A

Act very quickly

Involved in allergic reaction and against parasites

Produce inflammatory mediators-cytokines, prostaglandins, leukotrienes

They are WBC that participate in immunologic and allergic responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mast cells are granulocytes

A

True

Mast: tissue-fixed (can amplify or suppress immune response)
Basophils: circulating in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Markers on T cells

A

CD 3,4,8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Markers on B cells

A

CD 19,20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Markers on Dendritic Cells

A

CD 11c,123

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Markers on NK Cells

A

CD 56

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Markers on Stem Cells

A

CD 34 (HSC)

The majority of cell types involved in immune system come from this cell

HSC found in fetal liver, fetal spleen, bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Markers on Macrophages/Monocytes

A

CD 14,33

17
Q

Markers on Granulocytes

A

CD 66b

18
Q

CBC and DIFF

A

Complete Blood Count (lab test)

Differential leukocyte count

*Use both tests together to get a complete hematologic picture

19
Q

Neutropenia

A

Reduced number of neutrophils

If severe, can lead to life-threatening infection. Often caused by chemotherapy or radiation therapy

Suspect neutropenia in people who have frequent or unusual infections

20
Q

Eosinophilia

A

x>500/mcL

Common causes: allergic events and parasitic infections

21
Q

Mast cells

A

In areas that are exposed to the environment (skin, airways, GI etc). Close to blood vessels

Mast cells express receptors for many pathogen-associated (PAMP) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP)

They can amplify or suppress immune responses

22
Q

How are mast cells activated?

A

Crosslinking of IgE bound to high-affinity receptors for IgE

23
Q

Major mediators released by mast cells

A

Histamine
TNFα
IL-8 (attracts neutrophils)…rolling

24
Q

What cytokine is released by mast cells that attracts neutrophils?

A

IL-8

25
Q

Neutrophils

A

Mediate earliest phases of inflammatory reactions

Stimulate inflammatory mediators-cytokines, prostaglandins, leukotrienes

Release NETs which have a core DNA element. They immobilize pathogens. They continue working after secreting NETs

26
Q

What stimulates the production of neutrophils?

A

A cytokine called granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)

After entering tissues, they only survive for 1-2 days

27
Q

Macrophages

A

Involved in wound repair
Can secrete a variety of cytokines and chemokines (defensins, cationic proteins, lipases)
Produce large amounts of TNF, IL-1β, IL-12, IL-23

Interferon-γ makes positive feedback loop

Drivers of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease (because of TNF, IL-1β)

They present the Ags to T-helper cells, which activates T-cells and production of cytokines that further activate the macrophage

28
Q

Fibronectin

A

Glue-like, connects neutrophils and their targets

29
Q

NK cells can be increased by what factors?

A

IL-15 and IL-2

activity can be enhanced by IL-2 and IFNs

30
Q

Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC)

A

Can kill target cells without the need of complement if target cells are coated with specific Ab (IgG)

Thought to play role in antiviral, anti-tumor and anti-graft immunity

Has been attributed to NK cells

Macrophages and neutrophils also participate in ADCC

31
Q

Absolute white blood cell count consists of what cells?

A 
basophils
eosinophils
neutrophils
monocytes
lymphocytes
32
Q

Staining

A

Mast cells: purple (using methylene blue)
Basophil: purple/blue
Eosinophil: red (w/ Giemsa)

33
Q

Activation of Mast cells

A

Mast: cross-linking of IgE. They also use TLRs

34
Q

C5a

A

Potent chemotaxin. Made from gram-negative bacteria activating complement cascade

Biochemistry (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions