2

Question 1

Ketoses

Answer 1

Fructose
Ribulose

Dihydroxyacetone

Question 2

Lipid soluble vitamins

Answer 2

DEKA

Not stored

Question 3

Vit A

Answer 3

• Spinach, carrots, dark vegetables, yellow vegetables
• Vit A derivative retinol is found in liver, cod liver oil, dairy products, eggs

Helps w/:
Antioxidant, visiual pigment, differentiation epithelial cells, treat acne

Question 4

Vit E

Answer 4

Protects against ROS (antioxidant) & LDL’s (low density lipoproteins)

Question 5

Aldoses

Answer 5

Glucose

Galactose

Question 6

Fuel stores

Answer 6

Lipid: 1 g=9kcal energy
Protein 1g=4 kcal
Carbs 1g=4kcal

Question 7

Glut 1

Answer 7

Ubiquitous (found in RBC’s, brain, cornea, placenta)

Question 8

Glut 2

Answer 8

Main transporter in liver and pancreas

Question 9

Glut 3

Answer 9

Neurons

Question 10

Glut 4

Answer 10

Skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, heart. Regulated by insulin

Question 11

Vit K

Answer 11

Blood coagulation/clotting

Question 12

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 12

Vit B, C, biotin, folate

Not stored

Question 13

Vit B2

Answer 13

(riboflavin)

FMN, FAD

Question 14

Collagen AA’s

Answer 14

Glycine is common

Question 15

Vit B3

Answer 15

(niacin)

NAD+, NADP+

Question 16

Vit B1

Answer 16

(thiamine)

Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)

Question 17

If pH (driving speed) is above pKa (speed to keep hat on)=

Answer 17

AA will get rid of proton

If pH (driving speed) is below pKa (speed to keep hat on)= AA will keep proton

Question 18

Vit B5

Answer 18

(pantothenic acid)

CoA

Question 19

Vit B6

Answer 19

(pyridoxine)

Pyridoxal phosphate

Question 20

Vit B7

Answer 20

(biotin)

Used in pregnancy

Question 21

Vit B9

Answer 21

(folic acid)

Helps convert carbs into glucose

Question 22

Vit B12

Answer 22

(cobalamin)

Question 23

COP1 & COP2

Answer 23

COP1: in-between stacks of golgi
COP2: ER–> golgi

Question 24

Aspirin is what kind of inhibitor?

Answer 24

Aspirin is irreversible inhibitor of COX1/COX2 preventing prostaglandin synthesis

Question 25

Concentration levels of Na, K etc

Answer 25

Everything high except K on outside of cell

Question 26

Branched chain AA’s

Answer 26

VIL

Valine, Isoleucine, leucine

Question 27

E1

Answer 27

TPP (thymine pyrophosphate–> Vit B1, thiamine)

Question 28

E2

Answer 28

Lipoic acid

Question 29

E3

Answer 29

NADH & FADH

Needs Niacin (Vit B3) & Riboflavin (Vit B2)

Question 30

Spur cells

Answer 30

RBC’s breaking b/c too much cholesterol on membrane

Question 31

Phosphotidyl serine

Answer 31

When on outside of membrane, it will kill cell

Question 32

Problems with breaking down branched chain AA’s

Answer 32

Need to be broken down by BCKD
Needs: CoA, FAD, Lipoic Acid, NAD, TPP

If no BCKD enzyme= Maple Syrup Urine disease

Question 33

Wernicke/Beriberi

Answer 33

Deal with Vit B1

Question 34

Aldoses

Answer 34

Ribose
Glucose
Mannose
Galactose

Erythrose
Glyceraldehyde

Question 35

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 35

Under fasting conditions, stores of liver glycogen are sufficient to supply the brain w/ glucose for only 12 hours. Gluconeogenesis, the process by which glucose is synthesized from noncarbohydrate precursors such as pyruvate or lactate, amino acids, propionate, and glycerol, must take over

Question 36

Gallbladder

Answer 36

Stores bile which breaks apart lipids, pumped from gallbladder into intestines to aid in digestion of lipids. The cholesterol in bile needs the bile salts to stay in solution and when it has to much cholesterol and too little bile salts, the cholesterol hardens into pebble-like solids called gallstones

Question 37

Steroid hormones

Answer 37

1. Progesterone: gestation-supportive hormone
2. Aldosterone: increases Na+ and water retention and raises blood pressure
3. Cortisol: stress hormone. Increases gluconeogenesis and blood pressure, has anti-inflammatory effects
4. Testosterone: androgen, male sex hormone
5. Estradiol: estrogen, female sex hormone

Question 38

Major role of kidneys

Answer 38

Regulate blood pH