Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR372 > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Blood components

A

Plasma

Blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Plasma

A

makes up 55% of the blood

contains electrolytes, nutrients, gases, and wastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Blood cells

A

makes up 45% of the blood

contains erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Erythrocytes

A

transports oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Leukocytes

A

fight infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thrombocytes

A

helps with clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

spleen

A

acts as a filter to remove old red blood cells (120 days)

stores white blood, platelets, and fights infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lymph system

A

production of immune cells and transport of lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting WBC’s throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

liver

A

synthesis of plasma proteins such as albumin, and clotting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

bone marrow

A

produces red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

kidneys

A

release erythropoietin and signals the bone marrow to make red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anemia

A

decrease RBC production

acute or chronic blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

S/S of anemia

A

cyanosis, pallor, tachycardia, fatigue decreased O2 sat levels,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the first signs and symptoms you will see with anemia?

A

Cardio Pulmonary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cardio Pulmonary S/S

A

pulmonary congestion
breathlessness
orhtostatic hypotension
decreased O2 Sat levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Iron Deficiency Anemia

A

MOST COMMON FORM OF ANEMIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who is most likely to get iron deficiency anemia?

A

homeless, women of child bearing age, children, pregnancy, poor dietary conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Who is most likely to get vitamin B12 deficiency?

A

people who have had a gastirc bypass (gastritis) or a gastrectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Folic Acid Deficiency

A

Poor nutrition, malabsorption in the small intestine

alcohol abuse
hemodialysis
pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Aplastic Anemia

A

a disease in which the patient has a general pancytopenia and hypocellular bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pancytopenia

A

decrease in all blood cell types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Aplastic Anemia decreases

A

WBC’s, platelets, and RBC’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Aplastic Anemia may be cause by

A

chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

S/S of Aplastic Anemia

A

Anemia symptoms, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Diagnostic Studies for Aplastic Anemia

A

CBC

Total Serum iron and TIBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Treatment for Aplastic Anemia

A

Treat the cause when possible
Minimize further complications (bleeding and infection)
Hematopoietic Stem cell transplant

Avoid people with acute infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Anemia caused by blood loss treatment

A

replace blood volume
identify source of bleeding
prevent further episodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Hemolytic Anemia

A

caused by increased erythrocyte destruction (sickle cell disease, transfusion reaction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Hemolytic Anemia S/S

A

jaundice
spleen and/or live enlargement
Renal failure secondary to hemoglobin accumulation in the renal tubules

30
Q

Hyperbilirubinemia

A

too much bilirubin in the blood

31
Q

Sickle cell disease

A

Abnormally formed hemoglobin in the erythrocyte

Two types: Sickle Cell Trait, Sickle Cell Disease

32
Q

Sickle cell trait

A

has defective gene from 1 parent (carrier)

33
Q

Sickle cell disease

A

has defective gene from both parents

more common in african americans

34
Q

Sickling episodes

A

triggered by low oxygen in the blood, infection emotional stress, exercise, blood loss

RBC’s stick together causing vessel occlusion

Circulating sickle cells are hemolyzed by the spleen, leading to anemia

35
Q

Priority for patient with Sickle cell disease is

A

oxygen therapy

36
Q

Sickle cell treatment

A 
teach patient to avoid triggers
fluids
pain management
assess for tissue perfusion
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant
37
Q

Complications with Sickle Cell

A

infection secondary to spleen failure, organ infarction, aplastic and hemolytic crisis, leg ulcers

38
Q

Sickle cell crisis

A 
severe occlusion
vasospasm 
increased vessel permeability leading to plasma loss
sever tissue ischemia present
extremely painful
39
Q

Polycythemia

A

production and presence of too many RBC’s

can be caused by renal cancer

40
Q

Polycythemia S/S

A 
hypertension secondary to hypovolemia
flushing
headache
pain
dizziness
visual disturbances
pruritus from histamine release
angina 
HF
blood vessel distension
41
Q

Polycythemia treatment

A

reduce blood volume
reduce blood viscosity (clot prevention)
reduce bone marrow activity
avoid iron supplement

42
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

reduction of platelets below 150,000

causes: chemo, aspirin/NSAID therapy

43
Q

Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis Syndrome

A

constant reduction in clotting factors

44
Q

how do we treat Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis Syndrome?

A

STOP the heparin

45
Q

Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis Syndrome S/S

A

bleeding, petechiae, purpura, eccymosis, hemorrhage

46
Q

eccymosis

A

purple or red discoloration (bruises) of the skin due to leakage of RBCs from the blood vessels into the tissues

47
Q

Hematoma

A

collection of blood (localized) underneath the skin that can cause swelling, pain, and tenderness

48
Q

Petechiae

A

pinpoint red, brown, or purple spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding from small blood vessels

49
Q

Purpura

A

reddish-purple spots larger than petechiae due to bleeding underneath the skin

50
Q

D-Dimer

A

elevated indicates there may be a thrombus formation and breakdown in the body

51
Q

Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis Syndrome management

A 
Asses for s/s of thrombocytopenia and bleeding
subjective and objective data
control hemorrhage
remove causative factors
administer platelets as ordered
52
Q

hemophilia

A

loves to bleed, are genetic disorders
type a: most common, factor 8 def,
type b: factor 9

53
Q

Hemophilia treatment

A

prevent and treat the bleeding-should be treated for at least 72 hours
give coagulation factors
manage bleeding
manage any life-threatening complications from hemorrhage

54
Q

DIC

A

MEDICAL EMERGENCY
serious bleeding and thrombotic disorder

abnormal response of the normal clotting cascade stimulated by a disease process or disorder

results in hemorrhage
mortality rate is high

55
Q

DIC treatment

A 
DIAGNOSE QUICKLY
Oxygenate
Manage airway
Prioritize problem... bleeding or clotting?
treat the problem at the time
Assess clots, will need a heparin drip
56
Q

Neutropenia causes

A

chemo, HIV, immunosuppressive meds

57
Q

neutropenia precautions

A

no fresh flowers or plants
HANDWASHING
educate family about this

58
Q

Neutropenia treatment

A
  1. Determine cause

2. Recognize reverse precautions

59
Q

Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Characterized by Reed- Sternberg cells

60
Q

Hodgkin nursing care

A

great chance of survival

treatment based on stage, chemo 4-6 cycles

61
Q

DIC S/S

A 
weakness, malaise, fever
Bleeding
thrombosis
pallor 
petechiae
EKG changes
62
Q

neutropenia s/s

A 
fever
sob
cough
pain
chills
immunosupressiom
63
Q

Multiple Myeloma

A

cancer of the “plasma cell”
cause is unknown

can infiltrate the bone marrow which can lead to aplastic anemia

64
Q

treatment of multiple myeloma

A

chemotherapy

analgesics

65
Q

Gerontology considerations

A 
Number of stem cells and bone marrow deplete with age, thus causing problems with the following:
RBCs
Clotting ability
Ability to fight infection
Oxygen transportation
66
Q

Gerontology considerations

A

RBC’s, clotting ability, ability to fight infection, oxygen transportation are ALL DECREASED

67
Q

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Involves B-cells and a few T-cells

68
Q

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma most commonly occurs in

A

children and adults

69
Q

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma may be associated with

A

HIV and autoimmune diseases

70
Q

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

most common

71
Q

Hodgkin commonly occurs in

A

young adults and adults older than 55

72
Q

Hodgkin Lymphoma is associated with

A

EBV

NUR372 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions