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NUR372 > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

cornea

A

transparent layer forming the front of the eye

rounds out

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2
Q

Macula

A

back of the eye, the inner portion of the Retina

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3
Q

Retina

A

back of the eye, the outer layer around the entire eye

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4
Q

Optic Nerve

A

back of the eye

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5
Q

Conjunctive

A

mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye

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6
Q

Pupil

A

the opening of the iris, determines how much light is let into the eye

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7
Q

Iris

A

front of the eye, eye color

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8
Q

Campus

A

corner where your eyelids meet

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9
Q

Aquas Humor

A

fluid specific to the eye

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10
Q

This part of the eye is impacted by IOP

A

Virtreous Body / Fluid

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11
Q

Which Cranial Nerve controls the ability to close our eyes?

A

Cranial Nerve VII (7)

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12
Q

Optic Nerve (II) connects to the

A

brain to give us sight

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13
Q

Cranial Nerve III, IV, VI are

A

muscles

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14
Q

Hyperopia

A

far-sightedness

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15
Q

Myopia

A

near-sightedness

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16
Q

Emmetropia

A

perfection refraction of the eye

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17
Q

Miosis

A

constriction

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18
Q

Mydriasis

A

dilation

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19
Q

Accommodation

A

how the eye accommodates to something is coming near you

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20
Q

Safety issues in older adults

A

Less ability to accommodate in low light settings for objects coming at you, problems with dilation

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21
Q

eye protection

A

minimize uv light exposure

protectection from blunt force, fluid splatters, sparks, etc.

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22
Q

Regular eye exams

A

Every 3-5 years in young adults with normal vision

annually for those over 40

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23
Q

To control chronic illness, what 3 nutritional/vitamins should be used?

A

Vitamin A
Lutein
Beta-Carotene

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24
Q

What is considered an eye emergency?

A

Loss or significant reduction of vision in past 48 hours, or obvious eye trauma, or foreign body in eye is an emergency

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25
Q

Involuntary rapid eye movements

A

nystagmus

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26
Q

Diagnostic testing for the eye

A

Corneal Staining
Tonometry
Ophthalmoscopy

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27
Q

Diagnostic Test that is used to visualize any damage to the eye.

A

Corneal Staining

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28
Q

Diagnostic Test that is used to measure IOP

A

Tonometry

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29
Q

Normal range for IOP

A

10-20 mmHG

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30
Q

Ophthalmoscopy

A

see deeper structures of the eye

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31
Q

The nurse understands that which circumstance places the patient at the greatest risk for developing vision disturbances?

A

History of diabetes mellitus

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32
Q

Which is a priority nursing intervention when providing care to an older patient who has problems with vision?

A

Ensure adequate, nonglare lighting in the patient’s room.

33
Q

Blepharitis

A

infection of the eye, Inflamed, itchy, red

Greasy scales on brows and lids

34
Q

How do you treat blepharitis?

A

scrub w baby shampoo or something very gentle and avoid rubbing

35
Q

Entropion

A

Inward turning of lid; lashes rub against eye

36
Q

How do you treat entropion and ectropion?

A

Surgical correction is required

37
Q

Ectropion

A

Outward turning of the lid

discomfort is dry eye

38
Q

Post surgical care eyelid disorders (entropion and ectropion)

A

Keep eye patch in place
report any drainage or pain
excess pain needs to be reported

39
Q

Hordeolum

A

Internal or external stye
on the lash line
contagious

40
Q

Chalazion

A

over the whole eyelid
Inflammation of sebaceous gland in eye
contagious

41
Q

Interventions for Chalazion and Hordeolum

A

Warm compresses, antibiotic ointment
Avoid using same eye makeup or sharing: get rid of makeup used

For Chalazion, surgery is an option

42
Q

Ophthalmic ointment

A 
Pg. 970 chart 47-1
need to know
separate tubes for each eye
Do not want cross contaminate
inward to outward
43
Q

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

A

“dry eye syndrome”
changes in tear composition, lacrimal gland malfunction, or altered tear distribution

without tears, risk of infection is increased

44
Q

Anticholinergic drugs cause

A

dry eyes

look up which ones!!

45
Q

Conjunctival Hemorrhage

A

Small, well-defined area of bright red hemorrhage under conjunctiva
hard sneeze, bearing down
usually resolves in two weeks

46
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

infection of the conjunctiva
“pink eye”

Hand wash, do not share towels

Itching, burning–> antibiotics\eye drops to help

47
Q

Corneal abrasion

A

eye scratch

48
Q

ulceration

A

what happens when the infection builds

49
Q

Corneal abrasion and Ulceration

A

Emergency!! can cause permanent damage or blindness

cornea has no blood supply and infection can easily occur

patch over eye, eye drops to help, irrigate

50
Q

Cataracts

A

Clouding and blurring of lens
no pain or redness
“everything looks hazy”

meds can advance the process, particularly steroids

trauma to the eye can cause

51
Q

Cataract surgery

A

Stop use of anticoagulants

Antibiotics given subconjunctivially

no patch, discharge within one hour

52
Q

Activities that increase IOP

A 
Bending from waist
Lifting objects more than 10 pounds
Sneezing or coughing
Blowing the nose
Straining to have a bowel movement
Vomiting
Having sexual intercourse
Keeping the head in dependent position
Wearing tight shirt collars
53
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increased IOP leading to cupping and atrophy of optic disc

common cause of blindness, damage is IRREVERSIBLE

54
Q

Primary open-angle glaucoma

A

Fluid (aqueous humor) can’t leave the eye at the same rate it is produced; outward flow is reduced

Most common, usually both eyes

55
Q

Angle-closure glaucoma

A

Emergency!!
Narrowed angle and forward displacement of iris prevent ANY outflow of fluid (aqueous humor)

Will have permanent loss of vision if not treated

pain, redness, sudden blurry

56
Q

Primary open-angle glaucoma S/S

A

Gradual loss of vision starting in periphery
Headaches or mild eye aching
May ask for frequent changes in eyeglass prescriptions

57
Q

Acute closed-angle S/S

A

Sudden onset and severe pain that radiates
Nausea/vomiting
Sudden blurred vision with decreased light perception, halos
Reddened sclera and foggy cornea

58
Q

Acute closed-angle treatment

A

drops and injections directly into the eye

59
Q

Primary open-angle treatment

A

drops or oral meds

60
Q

These are drugs constrict the pupil and lower fluids.

These drugs treat glaucoma

A

Prostaglandin Agonist

Adrenergic Agonist

Beta-Adrenergic Blocker

Cholinergic Agonist

Carb-anhydrase inhibitor

61
Q

Dilate vessels where humor is reabsorbed

Eye color may darken, lashes may get longer

A

Prostaglandin Agonists

“-prosta-“

62
Q

Decreases production of humor

Pupil dilation; don’t give to patients taking MAOIs

A

Adrenergic Agonists

63
Q

Decreases production of humor

Contraindicated in COPD/asthma; check pulse

A

Beta-adrenergic blockers

lol

64
Q

Decreases production of humor

Headache/flushing/sweating; worsens night vision

A

Cholinergic agonists

65
Q

Know what the drugs end with

A

Pg 976

66
Q

Macular degeneration

A

Degeneration of macula (area of CENTRAL vision)

67
Q

Macular degeneration impairs the ability to

A

drive, read, write, recognize people, identify safety hazards

68
Q

Macular degeneration is dangerous and detrimental to

A

ADL’s esp driving

69
Q

Dry degeneration

A

lack of perfusion causing problems, not a cure. Cells become ischemic and die

70
Q

Wet degeneration

A

fluid developing under the macula, drain it can fix it

71
Q

Retina hole

A

a break in the retina

72
Q

Retine tear

A

a jagged or irregularly shaped break in the retina

73
Q

Retinal detachment

A

separation of retina from epithelium

74
Q

Retina holes, tears, detachments interventions

A

Surgery

75
Q

Post op Retina holes, tears, detachments

A

eye patch
no fine ocular movements
rest eyes

76
Q

Retina holes, tears, detachments teaching

A

Give meds to inhibit pupil constriction or accommodation

use patch to reduce extra eye movement

77
Q

Ocular Melanoma

A

does not respond well to treatment

can be transferred to the brain, so most often they will take out the whole eye(Enucleation)

safer

78
Q

Trauma of the eye

A

Do not take out an object

have the patient be still, keep eyes patched

severe pain

consider irrigation

79
Q

General considerations for Reduced Vision

A 
phones with big numbers
Safety (prevent falls or burns)
Ambulation assisted with care
Promote self-care and independence
Psychosocial support
Get family involved
High contrast on stairs

NUR372 (13 decks)

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