GI Flashcards
Colon cancer complication
large bowel obstruction
s/s: constipation, bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea
What kind of diet should we teach to someone with colon cancer?
high protein
high fiber
moves along faster
upper GI bleed diagnostic procedure
EGD
most common culprit of upper GI bleed
h.pylori which causes stomach ulcers
lower GI bleed diagnostic test
colonoscopy
EGD
probably be given conscious sedation
will suppress gag reflex
may have hoarse speech
fever 100 or higher call a physician
colonoscopy
conscious sedation
flatulence
light bright red blood may be noted in stool or on toilet paper
notify physician if moderate to large amounts of bleeding and fever
Upper GI bleed s/s
dark tarry stools hypovolemia vomiting bright red epigastric tenderness dyspepsia
GERD
teach about their diet if it hurts, don't eat it don't lay down immediately avoid bedtime snacks don't eat right before bed
s/s
gastritis
inflammation of the gastric mucosa
gastritis manifestations
abdominal tenderness bloating hematemesis bloody stool shock vomiting diarrhea
What is the patient at risk for with gastritis?
fluid loss which can cause hypovolemia and shock
fluid and electrolyte imbalnce
h. pylori cause
gastritis
What vital signs are associated with shock?
blood pressure- low
HR- high
primary treatment of gastritis
identify and eliminate causative factors
Which electrolytes can cause the most significant issues due to fluid loss?
Potassium
lower GI bleed
brighter stools
blood drops may be in the toilet
For any UGI disease process including gastric ulcer, hiatal hernia, GERD it is important to know
the proper diet
educate patients
exercise on an empty stomach
small more frequent meals, do not eat within 2 hours of laying down
GERD s/s
dyspepsia regurgitation flatulence hypersalivation dysphagia bloating N/V chronic cough
PQRST
precipitating or pallitative quality and quantity region/radiation severity timing
a person with a hiatal hernia needs to avoid
straining and vigorous exercise
avoid nonbinding clothing
Hiatal Hernia s/s
heartburn regurgitation Pain dysphagia belching worsening symptoms after eating
Hiatal hernia
protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm
Hiatal hernia
protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm
Upper GI diseases mimic
each other
PUD
mucosal lesion of the stomach or duodenum caused when gastric mucosal defenses become impaired and no longer protect the epithelium from the effects of acid and pepsin.
surgery may be required for a hiatal hernia when
risk for complications is high or damage from chronic reflux is severe.
PUD s/s
epigastric tenderness
dyspepsia
sharp, burning, gnawing pain
sensation of fullness or hunger
curlings ulcer
burns
cushing’s ulcer
head injury
PUD teaching
teach about proper diet
Bland foods, foods that won’t exacerbate the condition
spices
If a patient comes back from a procedure, what will be absent?
gag reflex
PUD can cause what when eating foods that make it worse?
perforation
pyloric obstruction
hemorrhage
Labs for pancreatitis
amylase and lipase
what is the only way B12 can be absorbed if not absorbed in the stomach due to lack of intrinsic factor?)
IM
colon cancer diagnostic procedure
colonoscopy
Large bowel obstruction diagnostic procedure
x-ray
ct scan
colonoscopy
mainly to look for tumors or other obstructions in the large bowel
GI bleed diagnostic procedure
hematocrit and hemoglobin
liver labs
AST, ALT, ammonia
Ulcerative Colitis/Crohns Disease diagnostic procedure
Inflammatory markers such Sedimentation Rate and WBC
All GI processes carry the risk of
malnutrition due to malabsorption
All GI processes carry the risk of malnutrition due to malabsorption specifically
Ulcerative colitis, Crohns Disease, any form of colon cancer
If a patient has a history of Ulcerative colitis they are at a higher risk for
colon cancer
Prevention of Ulcerative colitis
stop using all forms of alcohol and tobacco
increase fiber
Large bowel obstruction s/s
Abdominal distention
Abdominal pain
Absent bowel sounds (past obstruction)
Constipation or diarrhea
For patients with colostomies
Always assess stoma site for s/s of infection
Proper care of stoma site and colostomy bag
Good bowel pattern for increase in ADL’s for the patient
Hepatitis C
illegal iv drug user
alcoholism
leading indication for liver transplant
Hepatitis B
Unprotected sex, shared needles, blood transfusions, hemodialysis, maternal-fetal route
commonly given to healthcare workers
Manifestations of hepatitis
ascites, bruising, jaundice, rash, edema, N/V, abdominal pain, joint pain
manage pain
What may be used for fluid excess and must be used cautiously due to electrolyte imbalance specifically sodium and potassium?
Diuretics
What medications should be avoided if patients have hepatitis?
acetaminophen
what meds can be taken for hepatitis?
Antiemetics
Antiviral medications
immunomodulators
gerd meds
antacids
PPI: long term
H2 antagonist: pepsid, zantac before bedtime
prokinetic
sliding hernia
slides up
rolling hernia
protrudes outward
gastritis and pud meds
sucrafate
h.pylori meds
metrodizole
tetracydine
IBS ask about what
weight change
fatigue
bowel movements
appendicitis
rebound tenderness
mcgurneys point
peritonitis
life threatening
high fever
compromised resp status
rigid board like abdomen
order of assessment
inspect
auscultate
percussion
palpate
esophageal cancer
barretts
smoking is number 1 cause
ascending
watery
descending
more formed
